DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts
cytochrome
photosystem I
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
rubisco
tRNAs
tRNA
photosystem II
tRNAs
tRNAs
photosystem II
ribosomal proteins
tRNA
tRNA
nadh dehydrogenase
ribosomal proteins
tRNA
replication origin regions
tRNA
small RNA
ribosomal protein
replication origin regions
ribosomal RNA
tRNAs
ribosomal RNA
tRNA
cytochromes
photosystem II
ribosomal proteins
photosystem I
cytochromes
photosystem II
atp synthase
tRNAs
nadh dehydrogenase
tRNA
ribosomal proteins
photosystem I
tRNAs
photosystem II
RNA polymerase
ribosomal protein
atp synthase
tRNAs
ribosomal protein
tRNA
photosystem II
tRNA
tRNA
ribosomal RNA
tRNA
ribosomal RNA
tRNA
ribosomal protein
photosystem I
nadh dehydrogenase
tRNA
ribosomal protein
nadh dehydrogenase
tRNA
tRNA
ribosomal proteins
initiation factor 1
ribosomal proteins
RNA polymerase
atp-dependent protease
ribosomal proteins
tRNAs
nicotiana tabacum
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Chloroplast DNA Interactive gene map of chloroplast DNA from Nicotiana tabacum. Segments with labels on the inside reside on the B strand of DNA, segments with labels on the outside are on the A strand. Notches indicate introns.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid, contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus. The existence of chloroplast DNA was identified biochemically in 1959,[1] and confirmed by electron microscopy in 1962.[2] The discoveries that the chloroplast contains ribosomes[3] and performs protein synthesis[4] revealed that the chloroplast is genetically semi-autonomous. The first complete chloroplast genome sequences were published in 1986, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) by Sugiura and colleagues and Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort) by Ozeki et al.[5][6] Since then, a great number of chloroplast DNAs from various species have been sequenced.
^Cite error: The named reference Stocking1959 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Ris1962 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Lyttleton1962 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Heber1962 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Shinozaki, K.; Ohme, M.; Tanaka, M.; Wakasugi, T.; Hayashida, N.; Matsubayashi, T.; Zaita, N.; Chunwongse, J.; Obokata, J.; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K.; Ohto, C. (1986). "The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression". The EMBO Journal. 5 (9): 2043–2049. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04464.x. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1167080. PMID 16453699.
image ChloroplastDNA Interactive gene map of chloroplastDNA from Nicotiana tabacum. Segments with labels on the inside reside on the B strand of DNA, segments...
environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor—a...
genome')—which for a chlorophyll plastid (or chloroplast) is equivalent to a 'chloroplast genome', or a 'chloroplastDNA'. The number of genome copies produced...
model of ring shaped chloroplastDNA (cpDNA), suggests that cpDNA may more commonly take a linear shape. A single molecule of cpDNA can contain anywhere...
nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be...
chromosomes Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ChloroplastDNA (cpDNA), and that of other plastids Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) Inverse polymerase chain...
of their DNA inside the cell nucleus as nuclear DNA, and some in the mitochondria as mitochondrial DNA or in chloroplasts as chloroplastDNA. In contrast...
Terry RG, Nowak RS, Tausch (2000) Genetic variation in chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA in Utah juniper ( Juniperus osteosperma, Cupressaceae):...
Chloroplasts contain several important membranes, vital for their function. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have a double-membrane envelope, called the...
DNA comparison suggest Aloe vera is relatively closely related to Aloe perryi, a species endemic to Yemen. Similar techniques, using chloroplastDNA sequence...
Researchers in 2016 measured chloroplastDNA in marine sediment cores, and found diatom DNA dating back to 1.4 million years. This DNA had a half-life significantly...
mitochondria, chloroplasts, and viruses (There is debate as to whether viruses are living or non-living). All living cells contain both DNA and RNA (except...
nuclear chromosomes plus extra DNA molecules in the mitochondria. In addition, algae and plants have chloroplastDNA. Most textbooks make a distinction...
in chloroplastDNA. Lindmanioideae is the next most basal branch distinguished from the other subfamilies by convolute sepals and chloroplastDNA. Hechtioideae...
circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplastDNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found...
Mitochondrial DNA that encode mitochondial proteins (note that some mitochondial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA) ChloroplastDNA that encode chloroplast proteins...
Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and the trnL/F Region of ChloroplastDNA". Int. J. Plant Sci. 164 (2): 197–211. doi:10.1086/346163...
mitochondria, have their own DNA and are developed from endosymbionts, in this case cyanobacteria. They usually take the form of chloroplasts which, like cyanobacteria...
plum species according to chloroplastDNA sequences, but more closely related to apricot species according to nuclear DNA sequences. Branca, F.; Donnini...
interactive gene map of chloroplastDNA from Nicotiana tabacum. Segments with labels on the inside reside on the B strand of DNA, segments with labels on...
standard DNA markers, and character polarization. However, hybridization has been observed among Orbignya and Phoenix species, and using chloroplastDNA in...
from the nuclear DNA of their plant host cells and the genes in this chloroplastDNA resemble those in cyanobacteria. DNA in chloroplasts codes for redox...
Chlamydomonas zygote contains chloroplastDNA (cpDNA) from both parents; such cells are generally rare, since normally cpDNA is inherited uniparentally from...
based on their nuclear genome does not match that derived from their chloroplastDNA, probably a consequence of the rapid initial divergence. Taxonomic...
Samoylov, Alexander; Klaas, Manfred; Hanelt, Peter (September 1996). "ChloroplastDNA restriction analysis and the infrageneric grouping of Allium (Alliaceae)"...
plum species according to chloroplastDNA sequences, but more closely related to apricot species according to nuclear DNA sequences. Prunus armeniaca...
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