A chaotropic agent is a molecule in water solution that can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules (i.e. exerts chaotropic activity). This has an effect on the stability of the native state of other molecules in the solution, mainly macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) by weakening the hydrophobic effect. For example, a chaotropic agent reduces the amount of order in the structure of a protein formed by water molecules, both in the bulk and the hydration shells around hydrophobic amino acids, and may cause its denaturation.
Conversely, an antichaotropic agent (kosmotropic) is a molecule in an aqueous solution that will increase the hydrophobic effects within the solution.[1] Antichaotropic salts such as ammonium sulphate can be used to precipitate substances from the impure mixture. This is used in protein purification processes, to remove undesired proteins from solution.
^Moelbert, S; Normand, B; De Los Rios, P (2004). "Kosmotropes and chaotropes: modelling preferential exclusion, binding and aggregate stability". Biophysical Chemistry. 112 (1): 45–57. arXiv:cond-mat/0305204. doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2004.06.012. PMID 15501575. S2CID 9870865.
A chaotropicagent is a molecule in water solution that can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules (i.e. exerts chaotropic activity)...
partition into the hydrophobic domains of macromolecular systems. Chaotropicagent Hofmeister series Hamaguchi & Geiduschek (1962). "The Effect of Electrolytes...
a chemical compound used as a general protein denaturant, being a chaotropicagent, although it is most commonly used as a nucleic acid protector in the...
and structure of water-water interactions. In contrast, chaotropic (disorder-making) agents have the opposite effect, disrupting water structure, increasing...
in the presence of a chaotropicagent, which follows the chaotropic effect. Put simply, the chaotropic effect is where a chaotropic anion in an aqueous...
Guanidinium chloride or guanidine hydrochloride, usually abbreviated GdmCl and sometimes GdnHCl or GuHCl, is the hydrochloride salt of guanidine. Guanidinium...
generally call for the dissolution of the gel-slice in 3 volumes of chaotropicagent at 50 °C, followed by application of the solution to a spin-column...
salt formed when acidic iodides react with sodium hydroxide. It is a chaotropic salt. Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used to...
Concentrated solutions of lithium perchlorate (4.5 mol/L) are used as a chaotropicagent to denature proteins. Lithium perchlorate can be manufactured by reaction...
along the length of the polypeptide. Urea (CO(NH2)2; mW: 60.06) is a chaotropicagent that increases the entropy of the system by interfering with intramolecular...
Glutelins are soluble in dilute acids or bases, detergents, chaotropicagents, or reducing agents. They are also rich in hydrophobic amino acids, with a content...
solution the nucleic acids and inactivating cellular ribonucleases (chaotropicagent). After this step an aliquot of chloroform is added in order to separate...
activated in vitro by many mechanisms including organomercurials, chaotropicagents, and other proteases. The MMPs are inhibited by specific endogenous...
Importantly, RNA integrity is maintained by inactivating RNases with chaotropicagents such as guanidinium isothiocyanate, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)...
chemical denaturation studies. Some of them are very stable even in chaotropicagents and high temperature. Their folding in vivo is facilitated by water-soluble...
consequence, the F1 particles which normally face the matrix are exposed. Chaotropicagents can destabilize F1 particles and cause them to dissociate from the...
during extraction. To make ancient proteins soluble, heat, sonication, chaotropicagents (urea/guanidine hydrochloride, GnHCl), detergents or other buffers...
added to a column containing a silica gel or silica beads and chaotropic salts. The chaotropic salts disrupt the hydrogen bonding between strands and facilitate...
interaction is generally robust, however, binding can be disrupted by chaotropic reagents, organic solvents, or even ultrasonic radiation. Antibody-antigen...
membranes: hydrophobic nanopores, pathways of low selectivity governed by the chaotropic behavior of individual ionic species under the influence of membrane voltage...
glutelins – are soluble in dilute acids or bases, detergents, chaotropic or reducing agents. Of these proteins the last two, prolamin (in wheat – gliadin)...
polyol-responsive, meaning they release their targets upon exposure to a non-chaotropic salt and a polyol, such as propylene glycol. This property has been shown...
Global Information