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Cave hyena
Temporal range: Middle to Late Pleistocene, 0.5–0.011 Ma
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Crocuta crocuta spelaea skeleton from the Muséum de Toulouse.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Suborder:
Feliformia
Family:
Hyaenidae
Genus:
Crocuta
Species:
C. crocuta
Subspecies:
†C. c. spelaea
Trinomial name
†Crocuta crocuta spelaea
Goldfuss, 1823
The cave hyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea), also known as the Ice Age spotted hyena, is a paleosubspecies of spotted hyena in Eurasia, which ranged from the Iberian Peninsula to eastern Siberia. It is one of the best known mammals of the Ice Age and is well represented in many European bone caves. It preyed on large mammals (primarily wild horses, steppe bison and woolly rhinoceros), and was responsible for the accumulation of hundreds of large Pleistocene mammal bones in areas including horizontal caves, sinkholes, mud pits, and muddy areas along rivers.
Genetic evidence from the nuclear genome suggests that Eurasian Crocuta populations (including the Asian Crocuta crocuta ultima) were highly genetically divergent from African populations, though the lack of clear separation between mitochondrial genome lineages suggests that the two populations interbred for some time after the initial split.[1]
The cause of the cave hyena's extinction is not fully understood, though it could have been due to a combination of factors, including human activity, diminished quantities of prey animals, and climate change.[2]
^Westbury, Michael V.; Hartmann, Stefanie; Barlow, Axel; Preick, Michaela; Ridush, Bogdan; Nagel, Doris; Rathgeber, Thomas; Ziegler, Reinhard; Baryshnikov, Gennady; Sheng, Guilian; Ludwig, Arne; Wiesel, Ingrid; Dalen, Love; Bibi, Faysal; Werdelin, Lars (2020-03-13). "Hyena paleogenomes reveal a complex evolutionary history of cross-continental gene flow between spotted and cave hyena". Science Advances. 6 (11). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay0456. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7069707. PMID 32201717.
^Cite error: The named reference Hindcasting was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
The cavehyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea), also known as the Ice Age spotted hyena, is a paleosubspecies of spotted hyena in Eurasia, which ranged from...
Hyenas or hyaenas (/haɪˈiːnəz/ hi-EE-nəz; from Ancient Greek ὕαινα, hýaina) are feliform carnivoran mammals belonging to the family Hyaenidae /haɪˈɛnɪdiː/...
crocuta, known as cavehyenas, roamed across Eurasia for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest...
gray wolf, cavehyena and brown bear. Large amounts of bones belonging to P. spelaea were excavated in caves, where bones of cavehyena, cave bear and Paleolithic...
Although they were probably apex predators, they still competed with cave lions, cavehyenas and other large predators. A number of examples of symbolic thought...
The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is a species of hyena native to North and East Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent...
spotted hyena (cavehyena subspecies) is depicted in a few examples of Upper Palaeolithic rock art in France. A painting from the Chauvet Cave depicts...
species of large and medium-sized mammals have been found, (such as cavehyena, cave lion, etc.) and 39 species of small mammals, as well as remnants of...
from a synonym of the spotted hyena to an ancestor. Rao, Huiyun (2020). "Palaeoproteomic analysis of Pleistocene cavehyenas from east Asia". Scientific...
north any such remains have been found), elephants and cavehyenas. William Buckland analyzed the cave and its contents in December 1821 and determined that...
The brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea), also called strandwolf, is a species of hyena found in Namibia, Botswana, western and southern Zimbabwe, southern...
archaeology, cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves. The...
g., cave lions, leopards, bears, and cavehyenas. There are also paintings of rhinoceroses. Typical of most cave art, there are no paintings of complete...
age. Paleontologists doubt adult cave bears had any natural predators, save for pack-hunting wolves and cavehyenas, which would probably have attacked...
prehistoric hyenas. The largest and most well-researched species is Pachycrocuta brevirostris, colloquially known as the giant short-faced hyena as it stood...
centre with a small museum of objects associated with the caves, including a stuffed cavehyena. As a result of its unique features, Creswell Crags has...
4,000 years from 25,000 BC the caves were used seasonally by a small group of humans, and were occupied by cavehyena during the periods that the humans...
The spotted hyena is the most carnivorous member of the Hyaenidae. Unlike its brown and striped cousins, the spotted hyena is primarily a predator rather...
and cave bears, cave lions, and cavehyenas, often made caves inhospitable for people. The Grotte du Vallonnet, a cave in the French Riviera, was used...
like cave bear, cavehyena, fox, wolf, wild cat and otter have been discovered in the Magura Cave. Today, the constant inhabitants of the cave include...
area's most dominant, widespread predator, the eastern subspecies of cavehyena (Crocuta crocuta ultima). Competition with this species may have kept...
of a lithic assemblage and faunal remains. The faunal remains included cavehyena, reindeer, Woolly rhinoceros, mammoth, straight-tusked elephant and wild...
discovered. The heavy presence of cavehyena remains indicate that the cave was most likely intermittently shared between cavehyenas and hominins. Comparative...
flutes': Simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (4):...
Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cavehyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation". Zoological...
actions have likely enlarged the cave over time. Other animals including bushbuck, buffalo and hyenas come to Kitum Cave to consume salt left by the elephants...
Wolf remains in the Kirkdale Cave, North Yorkshire, were noted to be scanty when compared with the prominence of cavehyena bones. Cuvier later pointed...
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