The Divje Babe flute, also called tidldibab, is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was unearthed in 1995 during systematic archaeological excavations led by the Institute of Archaeology of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, at the Divje Babe I near Cerkno in northwestern Slovenia.[2][3] It has been suggested that it was made by Neanderthals as a form of musical instrument, and became known as the Neanderthal flute. The artifact is on prominent public display in the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana as a Neanderthal flute.[1] As such, it would be the world's oldest known musical instrument.[4]
Like many other Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) finds that might reflect symbolic behavior and advanced cognitive abilities among Neanderthals, this find was met with severe criticism and rejection by a part of the scientific community.[5][6][7][8] Finds of symbolic significance are of primary interest within Paleolithic research. Special attention is devoted to discoveries that predate the arrival of anatomically modern humans in Europe about 40,000 years ago.
^ ab"Neanderthal Flute – the Flute from Divje Babe". Natural History Museum of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
^Turk, I., Dirjec, J., Kavur, B. 1995, The oldest musical instrument in Europe discovered in Slovenia? Razprave 4. Razreda Sazu 36, 287–293.
^Turk, I. (ed.) 1997, Mousterian »Bone Flute« and Other Finds from Divje Babe I Cave Site, Slovenia. Opera Instituti Archaeologici Sloveniae 2, Ljubljana.
^Omerzel-Terlep, Mira. "Koščene piščali: pričetek slovenske, evropske in svetovne instrumentalne glasbene zgodovine" [Bone flutes: Beginning of the history of the instrumental music in Slovenia, Europe, and world] (PDF). Etnolog (in Slovenian): 292. ISSN 0354-0316. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-04-04.
^d'Errico, Francesco; Villa, Paola; Llona, Ana C. Pinto; Idarraga, Rosa Ruiz (1998). "A Middle Palaeolithic origin of music? Using cave-bear bone accumulations to assess the Divje Babe I bone 'flute'". Antiquity. 72 (275): 65–79. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00086282. S2CID 55161909.
^Albrecht, G.; Holdermann, C.S.; Kerig, T.; Lechterbeck, J.; Serangeli, J. (1998). ""Flöten" aus Bärenknochen—Die frühesten Musikinstrumente?". Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt. 28: 1–19.
^Chase, Philip G.; Nowell, April (1998). "Taphonomy of a Suggested Middle Paleolithic Bone Flute from Slovenia". Current Anthropology. 39 (4): 549–553. doi:10.1086/204771. S2CID 144800210.
^Morley, Iain (2006). "Mousterian Musicianship? The Case of the Divje Babe I Bone". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 25 (4): 317–333. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2006.00264.x.
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impossible to confirm. The potentially oldest instrument is the DivjeBabeFlute from the DivjeBabe cave in Slovenia, dated to 43,000 and 82,000 and made from...
Archeologists have found Paleolithic flutes carved from bones in which lateral holes have been pierced. The disputed DivjeBabeflute, carved from a cave bear femur...
carving in the northwest region of Slovenia. The carving, named the DivjeBabeFlute, features four holes that Canadian musicologist Bob Fink determined...
musicologist Bob Fink concluded from his analysis of the 45,000-year-old DivjeBabeflute that it "could produce four notes ... of a minor diatonic scale" and...
theorized based on findings from paleolithic archaeology sites. The DivjeBabeflute, carved from a cave bear femur, is thought to be at least 40,000 years...
is a cave close to the village of Šebrelje near Cerkno, where the DivjeBabeFlute, the oldest known musical instrument in the world, was found in 1995...
dating from 43100 ± 700 BP, found in 1995 in DivjeBabe cave near Cerkno, is considered a kind of flute, and possibly the oldest musical instrument discovered...
debate over whether the "DivjeBabeflute" from the DivjeBabe I cave is evidence—based on if the object is an actual flute—that the Middle Paleolithic...
2008. The flute is made from a vulture's wing bone perforated with five finger holes, and dates to approximately 35,000-40,000 years ago. A flute was also...
ISBN 84-8403-034-2. Nelson, D.E., Radiocarbon dating of bone and charcoal from Divjebabe I cave, cited by Morley, p. 47 Bahn, Paul (1996) "The atlas of world archeology"...
at DivjeBabe in Slovenia and dated to about 43,000 years ago. It may be the oldest flute discovered, but this has been disputed. In 2008, a flute dated...
a finial. Similarly, the war hammer evolved in late-medieval times with fluted or spiked heads, which would help a strike to "bite" into the armour and...
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