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In humans and other mammals, the caudal cell mass (also tail bud or caudal eminence in humans) is the aggregate of undifferentiated cells at the caudal end on the spine. The caudal end of the spinal cord first begins to form after primary neurulation has taken place, indicating that it develops after the cranial portion of the spinal cord has developed. Following neurulation, the caudal tail begins to form a neurocele as it develops a hollow core. After this, secondary neurulation occurs in which the medullary cord begins to form and is filled with many cavities that ultimately form the lumen.[1] The cavities formed from the initial and secondary neurulation combine to form one uninterrupted cavity.[2] There is still speculation on the formation of the caudal cell mass in humans with arguments being made for it arising from many cavities or the continuing growth of the neurocele from the initial neurulation.[3] The caudal cell mass will ultimately differentiate and form into many sacral structures such various nerve endings and the conus medullaris.[4]
^Schoenwolf GC (August 1977). "Tail (end) bud contributions to the posterior region of the chick embryo". Journal of Experimental Zoology. 201 (2): 227–245. doi:10.1002/jez.1402010208.
^Schoenwolf GC (January 1979). "Histological and ultrastructural observations of tail bud formation in the chick embryo". The Anatomical Record. 193 (1): 131–47. doi:10.1002/ar.1091930108. PMID 760594. S2CID 34960288.
^Hughes AF, Freeman RB (October 1974). "Comparative remarks on the development of the tail cord among higher vertebrates". Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. 32 (2): 355–63. PMID 4477993.
^Sen KK, Patel M (April 2007). "Caudal Regression Syndrome". Medical Journal, Armed Forces India. 63 (2): 178–9. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(07)80071-2. PMC 4925436. PMID 27407981.
caudalcellmass (also tail bud or caudal eminence in humans) is the aggregate of undifferentiated cells at the caudal end on the spine. The caudal end...
joined to form the caudalcellmass. The canal of Kovalevsky crosses the caudalcellmass, while endoderm located anteriorly to the cellmass develops into...
stress, or malfunctioning homeobox genes hamper proper function of the caudalcellmass of the fetal mesoderm as the urogenital sinus separates from the genital...
organism Caudal artery, the portion of the dorsal aorta of a vertebrate that passes into the tail Caudalcellmass, the aggregate of undifferentiated cells at...
remaining parts of the streak enlarge to produce a midline caudalcellmass termed the tail bud or caudal eminence. Also at that time, the notochord develops...
intermediate mesoderm, ventral to the anterior somites. The cells of the pronephric duct migrate caudally whilst inducing adjacent mesenchyme to form the tubules...
all. Caudal/Tail fins: Also called the tail fins, caudal fins are attached to the end of the caudal peduncle and used for propulsion. The caudal peduncle...
tract and consists of cells that migrate from the middle region of the primitive line. Other cells migrate through the caudal part of the primitive line...
of the developing somites will not alter the rostral/caudal orientation of the somites, as the cell fates have been determined prior to somitogenesis. Somite...
the head) and caudally (toward the tail). The openings that are formed at the cranial and caudal regions are termed the cranial and caudal neuropores. In...
embryology, the hypoblast is one of two distinct layers arising from the inner cellmass in the mammalian blastocyst, or from the blastodisc in reptiles and birds...
structure composed of nervous tissue positioned along the rostral (nose end) to caudal (tail end) axis of the body and may have an enlarged section at the rostral...
structure of cells formed in an embryo. In the development of the human embryo this takes place by day eight. It is formed when the inner cellmass, also known...
it is one dense mass, it is made up of two sections: the rostral fastigial nucleus and the caudal fastigial nucleus. The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar...
nuclei can be differentiated by function, cell type, and projections of efferent or afferent nerves. Moving caudally from the rostral midbrain, at the site...
bone cells. It mediates its actions on bone cells using three different receptors. Through 5-HT1B receptors, it negatively regulates bone mass, while...
notochord cells. In the caudal node, Shh transcripts become progressively less abundant and are located essentially in the most ventral cells, except for...
pyramidal fibres is incomplete at birth and gradually progresses in cranio-caudal direction and thereby progressively gaining functionality. Most of the myelination...
ratio caudal fin, so they are usually very stiff to push more water out of the way. Ostraciiform: Ostraciiform swimmers oscillate their caudal region...
the contralateral side, and then descends caudally along the spinal cord. A single discharge of the M-cell achieves a whole set of parallel effects onto...
often ends at the upper lumbar spine (at around L1/L2 level), the lower (caudal) end of the spinal canal is occupied by a ponytail-like bundle of spinal...
the posterior fissure). These lobes divide the cerebellum from rostral to caudal (in humans, top to bottom). In terms of function, however, there is a more...
inferior part where the fourth ventricle has narrowed at the obex in the caudal medulla, and surrounds part of the central canal. The anterior median fissure...
Most fishes generate thrust using lateral movements of their body and caudal fin, but many other species move mainly using their median and paired fins...
nutrients and protection to the developing embryo. They form from the inner cellmass; the first to form is the yolk sac followed by the amnion which grows...
straight CNS, such as a fish or lizard. In such animals the terms "rostral", "caudal", "ventral" and "dorsal" mean respectively towards the rostrum, towards...
Thyroglossal cysts can be defined as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid...
dorsally and extends caudally, fusing successively from before backward to form the pronephric duct. This continues to grow caudally until it opens into...
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