Chinese policy in which all foreign trade was restricted to Canton/Guangzhou (1757-1842)
For the system of military recruitment, see Canton System (Prussia).
Canton System
Chinese
一口通商
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Yīkǒu tōngshāng
Wade–Giles
I1-k'ou3 T'ung1-shang1
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping
jat1 hau2 tung1 soeng1
Canton factories c. 1850Scene in China (1852, p. Vignette)[1]
The Canton System (1757–1842; Chinese: 一口通商; pinyin: Yīkǒu tōngshāng; Jyutping: jat1 hau2 tung1 soeng1, lit. "Single [port] trading relations") served as a means for Qing China to control trade with the West within its own country by focusing all trade on the southern port of Canton (now Guangzhou). The protectionist policy arose in 1757 as a response to a perceived political and commercial threat from abroad on the part of successive Chinese emperors.
From the late seventeenth century onwards, Chinese merchants, known as Hongs (Chinese: 行; pinyin: háng), managed all trade in the port. Operating from the Thirteen Factories located on the banks of the Pearl River outside Canton, in 1760, by order of the Qing Qianlong Emperor, they became officially sanctioned as a monopoly known as the Cohong. Thereafter Chinese merchants dealing with foreign trade (Chinese: 洋行; pinyin: yángháng; Jyutping: joeng4 hong2; lit. "ocean traders", i.e. "overseas traders" or "foreign traders") acted through the Cohong under the supervision of the Guangdong Customs Supervisor (Chinese: 粵海關部監督; pinyin: Yuèhǎi guānbù jiàn dù; Jyutping: jyut6 hoi2 gwaan1 bou6 gaam1 duk1), informally known as the "Hoppo", and the Governor-general of Guangzhou and Guangxi.
^"Scene in China" (PDF). The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons. IX. Wesleyan Missionary Society: Vignette. 1852. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
Canton Road, Hong Kong Canton, Connecticut Canton, Georgia Canton, Illinois New Canton, Illinois Canton, Indiana Canton, Iowa Canton, Kansas Canton,...
retrieved February 3, 2016 Perdue, Peter C. (2009), "Canton Trade", Rise & Fall of the Canton Trade System, Visualizing Cultures, MIT, archived from the original...
the Qianlong emperor approved the Cantonsystem, which restricted the burgeoning overseas trade with Europeans to Canton and granted a monopoly on that trade...
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Island of Hong Kong to the British as a colony, to essentially end the Cantonsystem that had limited trade to that port and allow trade at Five Treaty Ports...
early commerce between the Qing Empire and the United States under the CantonSystem, spanning from shortly after the end of the American Revolutionary War...
diminished after the opening of the treaty ports and the end of the CantonSystem under the terms of the 1842 Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanking. After the...
onward Canton was the center of maritime trade with China, and this market process was gradually formulated by Qing authorities into the "CantonSystem". From...
modified form was subsequently adopted by the Qing. This produced the CantonSystem of the Thirteen Factories, but also the opium smuggling that led to...
included selling Prussian overseas colonies and the foundation of the Cantonsystem, as well as the conquest of the port of Stettin. His death in 1740 marked...
guild of Chinese merchants or hongs, operated the import–export monopoly in Canton (present-day Guangzhou) during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). During the...
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The State University of New York at Canton (SUNY Canton) is a public college in Canton, New York. It is part of the State University of New York. The college...
amended by a national referendum, a provision inspired by the Swiss Cantonsystem. The respective state governments of Australia also have constitutional...
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[ɡraʊˈbʏndn̩] ), more formally the Canton of the Grisons or the Canton of Graubünden, is one of the twenty-six cantons of Switzerland. It has eleven districts...
& Co. Globex Trading System Guinea Company (London) Guinea Company of Scotland Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas Hong Kong, Canton & Macao Steamboat Company...
to Canton and Fuzhou the next year. Trade resumed in 1685 and continued until the imposition of the CantonSystem. However, despite the Cantonsystem which...
merchant in the Thirteen Factories, head of the E-wo hong and leader of the Canton Cohong. He was once the richest man in the world. A Hokkien by his paternal...
tɛˈsæ̃/), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It...
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