For the plant or its fruit, see water caltrop and Tribulus terrestris.
Roman caltrop at the Westphalian Museum of Archeology (German: Westfälisches Museum für Archäologie), Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia, GermanyDifferent types of caltrops and metal soles that can be buckled underneath as a countermeasure from Codex Löffelholz, Nuremberg, 1505
A caltrop (also known as caltrap, galtrop, cheval trap, galthrap,[1]galtrap, calthrop, jackrock or crow's foot[2][3]) is an area denial weapon made up of two or more sharp nails or spines arranged in such a manner that one of them always points upward from a stable base (for example, a tetrahedron). Historically, caltrops were part of defences that served to slow the advance of troops, especially horses, chariots, and war elephants, and were particularly effective against the soft feet of camels.[4] In modern times, caltrops are effective when used against wheeled vehicles with pneumatic tires.[5]
^Burke, John (1846). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. Henry Colburn. p. 672.
^Mahan, D.H. (1867). An Elementary Course of Military Engineering – Part I: Field Fortification, Military Mining and Siege Operations. John Wiley & Son. p. 76.
^Battle of Alesia (Caesar's conquest of Gaul in 52 BC), Battlefield Detectives program, (2006), rebroadcast: 2008-09-08 on History Channel International (13:00-14:00 hrs EDST); Note: No mention of name caltrop at all, but illustrated and given as battle key to defend Roman lines of circumvallation per recent digs evidence.
^Rawlinson, George. The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 6. (of 7): Parthia.
^Robert W. Reid (1 September 2006). "The Caltrop: A weapon that's barely changed over 2,300 years". HistoryNet. Retrieved 2023-06-24. Today, it has reclaimed its old Greek name and reappeared as the tetrahedron, the bane of all vehicles running on pneumatic tires, and is used by both the military and police.
A caltrop (also known as caltrap, galtrop, cheval trap, galthrap, galtrap, calthrop, jackrock or crow's foot) is an area denial weapon made up of two...
The water caltrop is any of three extant species of the genus Trapa: Trapa natans, Trapa bicornis and the endangered Trapa rossica. It is also known as...
Tribulus terrestris is an annual plant in the caltrop family (Zygophyllaceae) widely distributed around the world. It is adapted to thrive in dry climate...
californica is a species of flowering plant in the caltrop family known by the common name California caltrop. It is native to the deserts of the Southwestern...
Eleocharis dulcis, or Chinese water chestnut, eaten for its crisp corm Water caltrop, Trapa natans, eaten for its starchy seed Chinese cuisine Chinese chestnut...
Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera. Plants in the family...
roughbark lignum-vitae, guaiacwood or gaïacwood, is a species of tree in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae, that is native to the Caribbean and the northern...
The term makibishi (撒き菱 or 撒菱) refers to the Japanese version of the caltrop. The tool (igadama) is a sharp spiked object that was used in feudal Japan...
stem-like, tubular green leaves that grow to about 1.5 m (5 ft). The water caltrop, which also is referred to by the same name, is unrelated and often confused...
Kallstroemia parviflora, also called small-flowered carpetweed or warty caltrop, is found in the United States, and extends as far south as Central America...
(山梔子), and is symbolic of peach flowers. The white is made from the water caltrop (菱, hishi), and represents the snow and its cleansing effects. Finally...
appeared on the island's coinage. It may be understood to refer to the Caltrop, a military device with one spike always pointing upwards. The motto itself...
embedded in the ground, injuring those who stepped on them (similar to a caltrop), wrapped in a fuse to be ignited and thrown to cause fire, or wrapped...
in shape (and design) to a much larger version of metal knucklebones or caltrops. The hedgehog is very effective in keeping light to medium tanks and vehicles...
pomegranate (Punica granatum, formerly in Punicaceae) and of the water caltrop (Trapa natans, formerly in Trapaceae). Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution...
soliva, and field burrweed Tribulus terrestris, also known as puncturevine, caltrop, cathead, goathead, and burra gokharu. Calotis hispidula, also known as...
described as used by Julius Caesar. A more modern version of this are caltrops. Passive fortification—ditches and obstacles such as dragon's teeth and...
Solanaceae (for example the Tomatillo, Physalis philadelphica), and the water caltrop, Trapa natans. In some species, the calyx not only persists after flowering...
molecule of boric acid The Edicaran organism Tribrachidium Buer (demon) Caltrop Mitsudomoe Tomoe Arthur Bernard Cook, Zeus: a study in ancient religion...
losing control and crashing. They are historically a development of the caltrop, with anti-cavalry and anti-personnel versions being used as early as 331...
begins leading a gang that uses ancient weapons such as ballistas and caltrops to loot banks. Gregorian Falstaff Len Wein Irv Novick Batman #317 (November...
through an oral cavity. Pufferfish can also have many varied structures of caltrop-like dermal spines, which account for the replacement of typical fish scales...
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