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Butane information


Not to be confused with butene, butyne, or Bhutan.

Butane
Skeletal formula of butane with all carbon and hydrogen atoms shown
Skeletal formula of butane with all implicit hydrogens shown
Ball-and-stick model of the butane molecule
Space-filling model of the butane molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Butane[3]
Systematic IUPAC name
Tetracarbane (never recommended[3])
Other names
  • Butyl hydride[1]
  • Quartane[2]
  • R600
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 106-97-8 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
 969129
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:37808 checkY
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL134702 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 7555 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.136 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-448-7
E number E943a (glazing agents, ...)
Gmelin Reference
 1148
KEGG
  • D03186 checkY
MeSH butane
PubChem CID
  • 7843
RTECS number
  • EJ4200000
UNII
  • 6LV4FOR43R checkY
UN number 1011
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID7024665 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C4H10/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
SMILES
  • CCCC
Properties
Chemical formula
 C4H10
Molar mass 58.124 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Gasoline-like or natural gas-like[1]
Density 2.48 kg/m3 (at 15 °C (59 °F))
Melting point −140 to −134 °C; −220 to −209 °F; 133 to 139 K
Boiling point −1 to 1 °C; 30 to 34 °F; 272 to 274 K
Solubility in water
 61 mg/L (at 20 °C (68 °F))
log P 2.745
Vapor pressure ~170 kPa at 283 K [4]
Henry's law
constant (kH)
 11 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
 −57.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 98.49 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −126.3–−124.9 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
 −2.8781–−2.8769 MJ/mol
Hazards[5]
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS02: Flammable GHS04: Compressed Gas
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H220
Precautionary statements
 P210
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazard SA: Simple asphyxiant gas. E.g. nitrogen, helium
1
4
0
SA
Flash point −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K)
Autoignition
temperature
 405 °C (761 °F; 678 K)
Explosive limits 1.8–8.4%
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1600 ppm[1]
Related compounds
Related alkanes
  • Propane
  • Isobutane
  • Pentane
Related compounds
 Perfluorobutane
Supplementary data page
Butane (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) or n-butane is an alkane with the formula C4H10. Butane is a highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gas that quickly vaporizes at room temperature and pressure. The name butane comes from the root but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and the suffix -ane. It was discovered in crude petroleum in 1864 by Edmund Ronalds, who was the first to describe its properties,[6][7] and commercialized by Walter O. Snelling in the early 1910s.

Butane is one of a group of liquefied petroleum gases (LP gases). The others include propane, propylene, butadiene, butylene, isobutylene, and mixtures thereof. Butane burns more cleanly than both gasoline and coal.

  1. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0068". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ August Wilhelm Von Hofmann (1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.
  3. ^ a b "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
  4. ^ W. B. Kay (1940). "Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relations for n-Butane". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 32 (3): 358–360. doi:10.1021/ie50363a016.
  5. ^ "Safety Data Sheet, Material Name: N-Butane" (PDF). USA: Matheson Tri-Gas Incorporated. 5 February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  6. ^ Watts, H.; Muir, M. M. P.; Morley, H. F. (1894). Watts' Dictionary of Chemistry. Vol. 4. Longmans, Green. p. 385.
  7. ^ Maybery, C. F. (1896). "On the Composition of the Ohio and Canadian Sulphur Petroleums". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 1–66. doi:10.2307/20020618. JSTOR 20020618.

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Butane

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Lighter

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Butane torch

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Propane

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of liquefied petroleum gases (LP gases). The others include propylene, butane, butylene, butadiene, isobutylene, and mixtures thereof. Propane has lower...

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Liquefied petroleum gas

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contains a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases, specifically propane, n-butane and isobutane. It can sometimes contain some propylene, butylene, and isobutene...

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Isobutane

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also known as i-butane, 2-methylpropane or methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula HC(CH3)3. It is an isomer of butane. Isobutane is...

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Butanal dehydrogenase

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In enzymology, a butanal dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction butanal + CoA + NAD(P)+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons...

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Butyl group

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−C4H9, derived from either of the two isomers (n-butane and isobutane) of butane. The isomer n-butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl"...

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Butyraldehyde

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Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO. This compound is the aldehyde derivative of butane. It is a colorless...

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Butanediol

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hydrate of butanal 2,2-Butanediol, hydrate of butanone Isobutylene glycol may be considered a kind of butylene glycol, similarly to butane historically...

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Erythritol

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name meso-Erythritol Systematic IUPAC name (2R,3S)-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol Other names (2R,3S)-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (not recommended) Identifiers CAS Number...

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Aliphatic compound

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hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in natural gas for stoves or heating; butane in torches and lighters; various aliphatic (as well as aromatic) hydrocarbons...

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Isopentane

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Isopentane, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon (an alkane) with five carbon atoms, with formula C 5H...

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Isomerization

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n-butane to i-butane.[citation needed] CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 n − butane ⟶ CH 3 CH ( CH 3 ) CH 3 i − butane {\displaystyle {\ce {{\overset {n-butane}{CH3CH2CH2CH3}}->...

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Lighter fluid

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lighter fuel may refer to: Butane, a highly flammable, colourless, easily liquefied gas used in gas-type lighters and butane torches Naphtha, a volatile...

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Bottle

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A bottle is a narrow-necked container made of an impermeable material (such as glass, plastic or aluminium) in various shapes and sizes that stores and...

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Gas cylinder

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may be ordered by using one of several trade names, or specifically as butane or propane, depending on the required heat output.[citation needed] Design...

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Chemical formula

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relationship between atoms in chemical compounds (see for example the figure for butane structural and chemical formulae, at right). For reasons of structural complexity...

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DMDNB

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name 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane Other names 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitro-n-butane, DMDNB, DMNB Identifiers CAS Number 3964-18-9 3D model (JSmol) Interactive...

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C4H10

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C4H10 (molar mass: 58.12 g/mol, exact mass: 58.0783 u) may refer to: Butane, or n-butane Isobutane, also known as methylpropane or 2-methylpropane This set...

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Alkane

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between the straight-chain and branched-chain isomers, e.g., "n-butane" rather than simply "butane" to differentiate it from isobutane. Alternative names for...

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Sulforaphane

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Sulforaphane Names Preferred IUPAC name 1-Isothiocyanato-4-(methanesulfinyl)butane Identifiers CAS Number 4478-93-7 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI...

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