The Burji Mamluks (Arabic: المماليك البرجية, romanized: al-Mamalik al-Burjiya) or Circassian Mamluks (Arabic: المماليك الشركس, romanized: al-Mamalik al-Sharkas), sometimes referred to as the Burji dynasty,[3][4] were the rulers of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from 1382 until 1517. As with the preceding Bahri Mamluks, the members of the Burji Mamluk ruling class were purchased as slaves (mamluks) and manumitted, with the most powerful among them taking the role of sultan in Cairo. During this period, the ruling Mamluks were generally of Circassian origin, drawn from the Christian population of the northern Caucasus.[5][6][7][8] The name Burji, meaning 'of the tower', refers to the traditional residence of these Mamluks in the barracks of the Citadel of Cairo.[5][9][10]
Although sultans typically designated their sons to succeed them after death, the latter rarely lasted more than a few years before being usurped by one of the powerful Mamluk commanders, usually from among the Mamluks purchased by previous sultans.[5] Political power-plays often became important in designating a new sultan.[11]
During this period, the Mamluks fought Timur and conquered Cyprus. Over the course of the 15th century, the sultanate was weakened by infighting and economic decline brought about by multiple factors. Although militarily powerful, they were eventually unable to compete with the more modern army of the Ottoman Empire, leading to their eventual conquest in 1517 by the Ottomans.[11]
^Fischel 1967, p. 72.
^Yosef, Koby (2013). "The Term Mamlūk and Slave Status during the Mamluk Sultanate". Al-Qanṭara. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. 34 (1): 7–34. doi:10.3989/alqantara.2013.001.
^Shoup, John A. (2017). The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-4408-4041-8.
^Flood, Finbarr Barry; Necipoğlu, Gülru (2017). A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture. Wiley Blackwell. p. 579. ISBN 978-1-119-06857-0.
^ abcBosworth, C. E. (1996). "The Mamluks". New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 76–80. ISBN 978-1-4744-6462-8.
^McGregor, Andrew James (2006). A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 15. ISBN 9780275986018. By the late fourteenth century Circassians from the north Caucasus region had become the majority in the Mamluk ranks.
^Isichei, Elizabeth (1997). A History of African Societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45599-2.
^Heng, Geraldine (2018). The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42278-9.
^Petry, Carl F. (2014). The Civilian Elite of Cairo in the Later Middle Ages. Princeton University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4008-5641-1.
^AlSayyad, Nezar (2013). Cairo: Histories of a City. Harvard University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-674-07245-9.
^ abPetry, Carl F. (2022). The Mamluk Sultanate: A History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–52. ISBN 9781108471046.
lineage. After 1382/1390, they were succeeded by a second Mamluk regime, the BurjiMamluks, who were largely of Circassian origin. The name Bahri or Bahriyya...
The following is a list of Mamluk sultans. The Mamluk Sultanate was founded in 1250 by mamluks of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and it succeeded the...
any Mamluk emirs that supported those who toppled him in the past, including the Burjimamluks. He assigned iqta'at to over thirty of his own mamluks. Initially...
al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 9781136579172...
barracks on the sea, and the Burji (1382–1517) of Circassian origin, who were quartered in the Citadel. However, Mamluk architecture is oftentimes categorized...
regiments of mamluks (soldiers of slave origin) who resided in the various towers of the Citadel, which earned them the name "Burji" Mamluks (Mamluks of the...
Zekchia. In 1382, Circassian slaves took the Mamluk throne, the Burji dynasty took over and the Mamluks became a Circassian state. The Mongols, who started...
Sultanate, the Ottoman Empire retained the Mamluks as an Egyptian ruling class and the Mamluks and the Burji family succeeded in regaining much of their...
Mamluk-era religious monument, the Madrasa-Mosque of Sultan Hasan, was built. In the late 14th century the BurjiMamluks replaced the Bahri Mamluks as...
الدين الأشرف قايتباي; c. 1416/1418 – 7 August 1496) was the eighteenth BurjiMamluk Sultan of Egypt from 872 to 901 A.H. (1468–1496 C.E.). He was Circassian...
برسباي) was the ninth BurjiMamluk sultan of Egypt from AD 1422 to 1438. He was Circassian by birth and a former slave of the first Burji Sultan, Barquq. A...
of buildings started to be built in the northern cemetery. Under the BurjiMamluks, northern cemetery became the new area targeted for the any new city...
dynasty faltered and power transitioned to a regime controlled by the Mamluks. The mamluks were soldiers who were purchased as young slaves (often from various...
makhbara-style summit disappeared.: 114 : 17 : 77–80 Later minarets in the BurjiMamluk period (late 14th to early 16th centuries) typically had an octagonal...
Abu Said Faraj, a Nasrid prince of Granada, d. 1320 an-Nasir Faraj, BurjiMamluk Sultan of Egypt, 1399–1405 Faraj ben Salim, Sicilian-Jewish physician...
Bahri were later overthrown by a rival Mameluke group, who established the Burji dynasty in 1382. The Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517 ended the Egyptian...
after the position was imposed on him by Emir Sayf al-Din Salar and the BurjiMamluks. The brief period of his reign (ten months and 24 days) was marked by...
Uthman, the Burji sultans of Egypt. During his Papacy, the Copts encountered many hardships that the kings of Ethiopia threatened the BurjiMamluks to cut...
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