Bulk polymerization or mass polymerization is carried out by adding a soluble radical initiator to pure monomer in liquid state. The initiator should dissolve in the monomer. The reaction is initiated by heating or exposing to radiation. As the reaction proceeds the mixture becomes more viscous. The reaction is exothermic and a wide range of molecular masses are produced.
Bulk polymerization is carried out in the absence of any solvent or dispersant and is thus the simplest in terms of formulation. It is used for most step-growth polymers and many types of chain-growth polymers. In the case of chain-growth reactions, which are generally exothermic, the heat evolved may cause the reaction to become too vigorous and difficult to control unless efficient cooling is used.
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Bulkpolymerization or mass polymerization is carried out by adding a soluble radical initiator to pure monomer in liquid state. The initiator should dissolve...
suspension polymerization have diameters usually exceeding 10 μm. In polymer chemistry, suspension polymerization is a heterogeneous radical polymerization process...
and Robert Banks first demonstrated the polymerization of propylene in 1951. The stereoselective polymerization to the isotactic was discovered by Giulio...
polymerization accounts for about 12%, and bulkpolymerization accounts for 8%. Suspension polymerization produces particles with average diameters of...
In polymer chemistry, free-radical polymerization (FRP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of free-radical...
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an example of a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Like its counterpart, ATRA, or atom transfer...
of the polymers produced. Autoacceleration of the overall rate of a free-radical polymerization system has been noted in many bulkpolymerization systems...
network. During the polymerization process, some chemical groups may be lost from each monomer. This happens in the polymerization of PET polyester. The...
classified by bulk polymers, voided charged polymers ("piezoelectrets"), and polymer composites. A piezo-response observed by bulkpolymers is mostly due to...
In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and...
supramolecular polymerization, where the monomer nucleates only in an early stage of polymerization to generate "seeds" and becomes active for polymer chain elongation...
Surface and bulk erosion are two different forms of erosion that describe how a degrading polymer erodes. In surface erosion, the polymer degrades from...
Slovakia A SOCAR Polymer polypropylene plant in Sumgayit, Azerbaijan Plastics are produced in chemical plants by the polymerization of their starting...
adopted in bulk polymer polymerization . Thermodynamically, the excess chemical potential of mixing between a theta solvent and a polymer is zero.[vague] Equivalently...
temperature where the rate of polymerization and depolymerization are equal. Sterically hindered monomers give polymers with low T c {\displaystyle T_{c}}...
the acceptor material is prepared directly from the donor polymer in a post-polymerization modification step. Since its active layer largely determines...
In polymer chemistry, living polymerization is a form of chain growth polymerization where the ability of a growing polymer chain to terminate has been...
individual monomers but not the resulting polymer. When a certain degree of polymerization is reached, the polymerized and partially crystallized product precipitates...
Already the first work on vinylene carbonate describes its bulkpolymerization a colorless polymer, which hydrolyzes to a water-soluble product. Subsequent...
science of polymer synthesis allows for excellent control over the properties of a bulkpolymer sample. However, surface interactions of polymer substrates...
agricultural, polymer, plastic, rubber, ceramic, electronics, metals, minerals, paint, paper, textiles and more. Major characteristics of bulk materials,...
lies between 2° and 10°. The boundary between crazing and surrounding bulkpolymer is very sharp, the microstructure of which can be scaled down to 20Å...
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