From Central Asia to the Pontic–Caspian steppe, the Volga and the Danube and Southern Italy (Molise, Campania)
Ethnicity
Bulgars
Extinct
By the 9th or 10th centuries on the Danube and by the 14th century in the Volga region[citation needed]
Language family
Turkic
Oghuric
Bulgar
Language codes
ISO 639-3
xbo
Linguist List
xbo
Glottolog
bolg1250
Bulgar (also known as Bulghar, Bolgar, or Bolghar) is an extinct Oghuric Turkic language spoken by the Bulgars.
The name is derived from the Bulgars, a tribal association that established the Bulgar state known as Old Great Bulgaria in the mid-7th century, giving rise to the Danubian Bulgaria by the 680s.[1][2][3] While the language was extinct in Danubian Bulgaria (in favour of Old Bulgarian), it persisted in Volga Bulgaria, eventually being replaced by the modern Chuvash language.[4][5][6] Other than Chuvash, Bulgar is the only language to be definitively classified as an Oghur Turkic language.
The inclusion of other languages such as Hunnish, Khazar and Sabir within Oghur Turkic remains speculative owing to the paucity of historical records. Some scholars suggest Hunnish had strong ties with Bulgar and to modern Chuvash[7] and refer to this extended grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgar languages.[8][9] However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since the language of the Huns is almost unknown except for a few attested words and personal names. Scholars generally consider Hunnish as unclassifiable.[10][11][12][13]
^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Bolgar Turkic Archived 2008-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
^Campbell, George L. Compendium of the World's Languages. Routledge, 2000. page 274
^Marcantonio, Angela. The Uralic Language Family: Facts, Myths and Statistics. Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2002. page 25
^Marcantonio, Angela (2002). The Uralic language family: facts, myths and statistics. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 167. ISBN 0-631-23170-6.
^Price, Glanville (2000). Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 88. ISBN 0-631-22039-9.
^Clauson, Gerard (2002). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic linguistics. Taylor & Francis. p. 38. ISBN 0-415-29772-9.
^Pritsak, Omeljan (1982). "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. IV (4). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 470. ISSN 0363-5570. JSTOR 41036005. The language had strong ties to Bulgar language and to modern Chuvash, but also had some important connections, especially lexical and morphological, to Ottoman Turkish and Yakut
^Archived, Article. ""The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan" (pages 428, ..., 476), author: Omeljan Pritsak": 430. I was able to establish a Danube- Bulgarian nominative- suffix /A/ from the consonant stems. Recalling that Danube- Bulgarian was a Hunnic language.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Ramer, Alexis Manaster. "Proto-Bulgarian/Danube Bulgar/Hunno-Bulgar Bekven": 1 p. Granberg's suggestion that we should revive the term Hunno-Bulgar may well became that replacement — once it is clear that Hunnic and Bulgar were closely related and perhaps even the same language.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Savelyev, Alexander. "Chuvash and the Bulgharic Languages". academic.oup.com. p. 448. ISBN 978-0-19-880462-8. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
^Golden, Peter B. (1992). An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Turcologica. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 88 89. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
^RÓNA-TAS, ANDRÁS (1 March 1999). Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Central European University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-963-386-572-9.
^Sinor, Denis (1997). Studies in medieval inner Asia. Collected studies series. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-86078-632-0.
Bulgar (also known as Bulghar, Bolgar, or Bolghar) is an extinct Oghuric Turkic language spoken by the Bulgars. The name is derived from the Bulgars, a...
Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate) was a historical Bulgar state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around...
including Iranic, Finno-Ugric, and Hunnic tribes. The Bulgars spoke a Turkic language, the Bulgarlanguage of the Oghuric branch. They preserved the military...
Oguric languages (also known as Bulgar, Bulgharic, Bolgar, Pre-Proto-Bulgaric or Lir-Turkic and r-Turkic) are a branch of the Turkic language family....
Look up bulgar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bulgar may refer to: Bulgars, a historical Turkic group Bulgarlanguage, the extinct language of the...
The Bulgar calendar was a solar calendar system used by the Bulgars, originally from Central Asia, who from the 4th century onwards dwelt in the Eurasian...
pre-migration period) and in Volga Bulgar epitaphs or loanwords into languages of the Volga region (from the Volga Bulgar period). Nevertheless, these sources...
Turkic language, but one between Turkic and Mongolian, probably closer to the former than the latter. The language had strong ties to Bulgarlanguage and...
Hunnish had strong ties with Bulgar and to modern Chuvash and refer to this extended grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgarlanguages. However, such speculations...
grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgarlanguages. However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since the language of the Huns is almost...
7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 680–681 after part of the Bulgars, led by Asparuh, moved south to the northeastern Balkans. There they secured...
culture, until by the 10th century they had adopted the Slavic language, with the Bulgarlanguage going extinct in the kingdom. List of Medieval Slavic tribes...
in common with it, and the language of the Bulgars is like the language of the Khazars but the Burtas have another language." Al-Istakhri mentioned that...
Translation or some comments are given later. Bulgar names are names that could be translated from the Bulgarlanguage. Sometimes, early Arabic-origin names and...
the extinct Bulgar and Kipchak languages. The literary Tatar language is based on the Middle Tatar dialect and on the Old Tatar language (İske Tatar Tele)...
The Dulo clan was a ruling dynasty of the Bulgars, who were of Turkic origin. It is generally considered that their elite was related to the Huns and...
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in...
the names of some early Bulgar rulers, their clans, the year of their ascending to the throne according to the cyclic Bulgar calendar and the length of...
romanized: tatarlar; Russian: татары, romanized: tatary) are a Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of Eastern European...
[bɑʂ.qʊɾt.ˈtaɾ]; Russian: Башкиры, pronounced [bɐʂˈkʲirɨ]) are a Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Russia. They are concentrated in Bashkortostan...
Bulgarism is an ideology aimed at the "revival of Bulgars' national identity" and Volga Bulgaria statehood. It originated in the second half of 19th century...
related to the Bulgars points to an affiliation with Western Eurasian populations. The Bulgars spoke a Turkic language, i.e. Bulgarlanguage of Oghuric branch...
("Onogur land"), was a 7th-century Turkic nomadic empire formed by the Onogur-Bulgars on the western Pontic–Caspian steppe (modern southern Ukraine and southwest...
Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰞𐰀, romanized: Boyla) was a title worn by some of the Bulgar and Göktürk aristocrats (mostly of regional governors and noble warriors)...
Πορφυρογέννητος Basileios Porphyrogennetos; 958 – 15 December 1025), nicknamed the Bulgar Slayer (Greek: ὁ Βουλγαροκτόνος, ho Boulgaroktónos), was the senior Byzantine...
Pritsak considered its root bli- had typical vocalic metathesis of Oghur-Bulgarlanguage from < *bil-, which is Old Turkic "to know". Thus Hunnic *bildä > blidä...
Global Information