Empires of the Eurasian steppes from classical antiquity to the early modern era
A horserider of probable Xiongnu origin: the rider wears a hairbun characteristic of the oriental steppes, and his horse has characteristically Xiongnu horse trappings.[1] 2nd-1st century BC. Excavated in Saksanokhur (near Farkhor), Tajikistan. National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan.
Nomadic empires, sometimes also called steppe empires, Central or Inner Asian empires, were the empires erected by the bow-wielding, horse-riding, nomadic people in the Eurasian Steppe, from classical antiquity (Scythia) to the early modern era (Dzungars). They are the most prominent example of non-sedentary polities.
Some nomadic empires consolidated by establishing a capital city inside a conquered sedentary state and then exploiting the existing bureaucrats and commercial resources of that non-nomadic society. In such a scenario, the originally nomadic dynasty may become culturally assimilated to the culture of the occupied nation before it is ultimately overthrown.[2] Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) described a similar cycle on a smaller scale in 1377 in his Asabiyyah theory.
Historians of the early medieval period may refer to these polities as "khanates" (after khan, the title of their rulers). After the Mongol conquests of the 13th century the term orda ("horde") also came into use — as in "Golden Horde".
^Francfort, Henri-Paul (2020). "Sur quelques vestiges et indices nouveaux de l'hellénisme dans les arts entre la Bactriane et le Gandhāra (130 av. J.-C.-100 apr. J.-C. environ)". Journal des Savants: 35–39.
^Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in the Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Southgate Publishers. p. 75.
Nomadicempires, sometimes also called steppe empires, Central or Inner Asian empires, were the empires erected by the bow-wielding, horse-riding, nomadic...
One nomadic society, the Mongols, gave rise to the largest land empire in history. The Mongols originally consisted of loosely organized nomadic tribes...
The Eurasian nomads were groups of nomadic peoples living throughout the Eurasian Steppe, who are largely known from frontier historical sources from...
Levant and the Carpathian Mountains. The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland under the leadership...
population. The territory of modern-day Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadicempires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the First Turkic Khaganate...
probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation, an Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharian origin, who migrated from northwestern China...
global empire will be shorter and rarer. Linguistic imperialism List of medieval great powers Military globalization Nomadicempire List of empires List...
created a short-lived empire, succeeding the earlier Akkadian Empire, Third Dynasty of Ur, and Old Assyrian Empire. The Babylonian Empire rapidly fell apart...
Encyclopedia Iranica. Barfield, Thomas (1989), The Perilous Frontier: NomadicEmpires and China, Basil Blackwell Benson, Linda (1998), China's last Nomads:...
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. According to European...
2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024. Harl, Kenneth W. (2023). Empires of the Steppes: A History of the Nomadic Tribes Who Shaped Civilization. United States: Hanover...
Bulgaria and Patria Onoguria ("Onogur land"), was a 7th-century Turkic nomadicempire formed by the Onogur-Bulgars on the western Pontic–Caspian steppe (modern...
Chagatay/Persian: برلاس Barlās; also Berlās) were a Mongol and later Turkicized nomadic confederation in Central Asia. With military roots in one of the regiments...
(Chinese: 匈奴; pinyin: Xiōngnú, [ɕjʊ́ŋ.nǔ]) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern...
List of former transcontinental countries Maritime power Naval warfare Nomadicempire Tellurocracy (from Classical Greek: θάλασσα, romanized: thalassa, Attic...
10th and 13th centuries. The confederation was dominated by two Turkic nomadic tribes: the Cumans (also known as the Polovtsians or Folban) and the Kipchaks...
throughout the empire. Unlike the amount of information about the settled people of the Sasanian Empire, there is little about the nomadic/unsettled ones...
Mongol tribes that emerged in the early 17th century, and the last great nomadicempire in Asia. Some scholars estimate that about 80% of the Dzungar population...
century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages...
annotated by W. M. Thackston (2002). Modern Library. Gérard Chaliand, NomadicEmpires: From Mongolia to the Danube, translated by A. M. Berrett, Transaction...
Khan and of Mr. Locke". Religion in Mongolia Turco-Mongol tradition Nomadicempire Mongol invasions and conquests Early Muslim conquests Genghis Khan's...
and feed easily. Horse culture in Mongolia Horse worship Livestock Nomadicempire Orland Ned Eddins, "Spanish Colonial Horse and the Plains Indian Culture"...
and Aymak are a collection of Sunni and mostly Persian-speaking nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes. They live mainly in the central and western highlands of...
doi:10.2307/3632138. ISSN 0022-4995. Bat-Ocher Bold (2001), Mongolian nomadic society: a reconstruction of the "medieval" history of Mongolia, Richmond...
population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..." Muslim Caste...
The Russian Empire, also known as Tsarist Russia, Tsarist Empire or Imperial Russia, and sometimes simply as Russia, was a vast realm that spanned most...
Siberia (most of which is located in present-day Xinjiang), were the last nomadicempire to threaten China, which they did from the early 17th century through...
Various nomadicempires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BC–1st century AD), the Xianbei state (c. AD 93–234), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the...
languages. In 2003, Walter Pohl summarized the formation of nomadicempires: 1. Many steppe empires were founded by groups who had been defeated in previous...
Global Information