Buddhist philosophy information

Buddhist philosophy is the ancient Indian philosophical system that developed within the religio-philosophical tradition of Buddhism.^[2]^[3] It comprises all the philosophical investigations and systems of rational inquiry that developed among various schools of Buddhism in ancient India following the parinirvāṇa of Gautama Buddha (c. 5th century BCE), as well as the further developments which followed the spread of Buddhism throughout Asia.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Buddhism combines both philosophical reasoning and the practice of meditation.^[6] The Buddhist religion presents a multitude of Buddhist paths to liberation; with the expansion of early Buddhism from ancient India to Sri Lanka and subsequently to East Asia and Southeast Asia,^[4]^[5] Buddhist thinkers have covered topics as varied as cosmology, ethics, epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ontology, phenomenology, the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of time, and soteriology in their analysis of these paths.^[3]

Pre-sectarian Buddhism was based on empirical evidence gained by the sense organs (including the mind), and the Buddha seems to have retained a skeptical distance from certain metaphysical questions, refusing to answer them because they were not conducive to liberation but led instead to further speculation.^[3]^[7] However he also affirmed theories with metaphysical implications, such as dependent arising, karma, and rebirth.^[2]

Particular points of Buddhist philosophy have often been the subject of disputes between different schools of Buddhism,^[2] as well as between representative thinkers of Buddhist schools and Hindu or Jaina philosophers.^[3] These elaborations and disputes gave rise to various early Buddhist schools of Abhidharma, the Mahāyāna movement, and scholastic traditions such as Prajñāpāramitā, Sarvāstivāda, Mādhyamaka, Sautrāntika, Vaibhāṣika, Buddha-nature, Yogācāra, and more.^[2]^[3]^[5] One recurrent theme in Buddhist philosophy has been the desire to find a Middle Way between philosophical views seen as extreme.^[8]^[9]

^ Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). "From Monasteries to Universities". Education in Ancient India. Brill’s Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 2: South Asia. Vol. 16. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 144–145. doi:10.1163/9789047401476_010. ISBN 978-90-474-0147-6. ISSN 0169-9377. LCCN 2002018456.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Powers, John (18 August 2021). "Classical Indian Buddhist Philosophy". Oxford Bibliographies Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195393521-0051. OCLC 871820156. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bartley, Christopher (2015). "Part I: Buddhist Traditions – Chapter 2: The Buddhist Ethos". An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Hindu and Buddhist Ideas from Original Sources (2nd ed.). London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 23–41. doi:10.5040/9781474243063.0009. ISBN 978-1-4742-4306-3.
^ ^a ^b Acri, Andrea (20 December 2018). "Maritime Buddhism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.638. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Donnelly, Paul B. (25 January 2017). "Madhyamaka". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.191. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8.
^ Siderits, Mark. Buddhism as philosophy, 2007, p. 6
^ David Kalupahana, Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism. The University Press of Hawaii, 1975, p. 70.
^ Kalupahana 1994.
^ David Kalupahana, Mulamadhyamakakarika of Nagarjuna. Motilal Banarsidass, 2006, p. 1.

[Scharfe_2002-1] Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). "From Monasteries to Universities". Education in Ancient India. Brill’s Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 2: South Asia. Vol. 16. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 144–145. doi:10.1163/9789047401476_010. ISBN 978-90-474-0147-6. ISSN 0169-9377. LCCN 2002018456.

[Powers_2021-2] Powers, John (18 August 2021). "Classical Indian Buddhist Philosophy". Oxford Bibliographies Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195393521-0051. OCLC 871820156. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.

[Bartley_2015-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bartley, Christopher (2015). "Part I: Buddhist Traditions – Chapter 2: The Buddhist Ethos". An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Hindu and Buddhist Ideas from Original Sources (2nd ed.). London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 23–41. doi:10.5040/9781474243063.0009. ISBN 978-1-4742-4306-3.

[Acri_2018-4] Acri, Andrea (20 December 2018). "Maritime Buddhism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.638. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[Donnelly_2017-5] Donnelly, Paul B. (25 January 2017). "Madhyamaka". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.191. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8.

[Siderits,_Mark_2007,_page_6-6] Siderits, Mark. Buddhism as philosophy, 2007, p. 6

[7] David Kalupahana, Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism. The University Press of Hawaii, 1975, p. 70.

[FOOTNOTEKalupahana1994-8] Kalupahana 1994.

[9] David Kalupahana, Mulamadhyamakakarika of Nagarjuna. Motilal Banarsidass, 2006, p. 1.

Buddhist philosophy information

and 23 Related for: Buddhist philosophy information

Buddhist philosophy

Eastern philosophy

Buddhism

Indian philosophy

Zen

Japanese Zen

Buddhism and Western philosophy

Idealism

Dalit Buddhist movement

Schools of Buddhism

Western philosophy

Buddhist ethics

Siddhanta

Fatalism

Theravada

Vietnamese philosophy

Mahayana

Determinism

Philosophy of self

Buddhism and science

Impermanence

Madhyamaka

Buddhism and Hinduism

Buddhism
Part of a series on

Glossary Index Outline
History Timeline The Buddha Pre-sectarian Buddhism Councils Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Decline in the Indian subcontinent Later Buddhists Buddhist modernism
Dharma Concepts Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path Dharma wheel Five Aggregates Impermanence Suffering Not-self Dependent Origination Middle Way Emptiness Morality Karma Rebirth Saṃsāra Cosmology
Buddhist texts Buddhavacana Early Texts Tripiṭaka Mahayana Sutras Pāli Canon Sanskrit literature Tibetan canon Chinese canon Post-canon
Practices Three Jewels Buddhist Paths to liberation Five precepts Perfections Meditation Philosophical reasoning Devotional practices Merit making Recollections Mindfulness Wisdom Sublime abidings Aids to Enlightenment Monasticism Lay life Buddhist chant Pilgrimage Vegetarianism
Nirvāṇa Awakening Four Stages Arhat Pratyekabuddha Bodhisattva Buddha
Traditions Theravāda Pāli Mahāyāna Hinayana Chinese Vajrayāna Tibetan Navayana Newar
Buddhism by country Bhutan Brazil Cambodia China India Indonesia Japan Korea Laos Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Russia Singapore US Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Tibet Vietnam
Religion portal
v t e

Buddhist philosophy

Part of a series on

Traditions Vibhajyavāda Theravāda Vaibhāṣika Sautrantika Pudgalavada Prajñaptivāda Lokottaravāda Mahayana Madhyamaka Yogācāra Pramāṇavāda Vajrayana Tiāntāi Huáyán Zen/Chán Dzogchen
Themes Buddhist logico-epistemology Buddhist ethics Buddhist psychology Buddhist vegetarianism Abhidharma Ahimsa Not-self Interdependent origination Emptiness Karma Middle Way Two truths doctrine Dharma theory Svabhava Buddhist atomism Suffering Buddha-nature Nirvana Buddhist modernism
Pre-modern philosophers Moggaliputta-Tissa Katyāyāniputra Nagasena Nagarjuna Aryadeva Harivarman Vasubandhu Saṃghabhadra Asanga Buddhaghosa Buddhadatta Dhammapala Dignaga Dharmakirti Buddhapālita Bhāviveka Dharmapala of Nalanda Chandrakirti Shantideva Sengzhao Jizang Xuanzang Zhiyi Fazang Guifeng Zongmi Wonhyo Jinul Kūkai Dogen Jñānagarbha Śāntarakṣita Haribhadra Atiśa Jñanasrimitra Ratnakīrti Ratnākaraśānti Abhayakaragupta Sakya Pandita Rongzom Acariya Anuruddha Dolpopa Tsongkhapa Longchenpa Gorampa Sakya Chokden Mikyö Dorje
Modern philosophers Anagarika Dharmapala Ledi Sayadaw B. R. Ambedkar Taixu Yin Shun Kitaro Nishida Keiji Nishitani Hajime Tanabe Masao Abe D. T. Suzuki Mahasi Sayadaw K. N. Jayatilleke David Kalupahana Ñāṇananda Buddhadasa Prayudh Payutto Thich Nhat Hanh Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo Jamgon Kongtrul Ju Mipham Gendün Chöphel 14th Dalai Lama
Religion portal Philosophy portal
v t e