Not to be confused with Italian Somaliland or the de facto state of Somaliland.
Somaliland Protectorate
Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida(Somali)
1884–1940 1941–1960
Flag Top: 1903–1950 Bottom: 1952–1960
Badge (1903–1950)
Badge (1952–1960)
Anthem: God Save the Queen (1862–1901 & 1952–1960) God Save the King (1901–1940 & 1941–1952)
British Somaliland in 1922
Status
Self-ruling sultanates under British Protection (administered by the Government of India 1884-1898) and then
British colonial government (1 October 1898 onward)
Capital
Berbera (until 1941) Hargeisa (from 1941)
Common languages
Somali
Arabic
English
Religion
Islam
Governor
• 1884–1888 (first)
Frederick Mercer Hunter
• 1959–1960 (last)
Douglas Hall
History
• British control
1884
• Protection treaties
1886
• Somali coast protectorate
20 July 1887
• Dervish rebellion
1900–1920
• Italian invasion
3 August 1940
• British recapture
8 April 1941
• Independence
26 June 1960
Area
1904[1]
137,270 km2 (53,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1904[1]
153,018
Currency
Rupee (1884–1941) East African shilling (1941–1962)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Isaaq Sultanate
Habr Yunis Sultanate
1941: Italian East Africa
Warsangali Sultanate
1940: Italian East Africa
1960: State of Somaliland
Today part of
Somalia (de jure) ∟ Somaliland (de facto)
Part of a series on the
History of Somaliland
Prehistory
Caves in Somaliland
Laas Gaal (10,000 BC)
Dhambalin (5,000 BC)
Dhaymoole (5,000~3,500 BC)
Ancient
Land of Punt (2500~2000 BC)
Macrobians (525 BC)
Land of the Berbers
Malao • Mosylon
Middle Ages
Kingdom of Adal (9th-12th c.)
Ifat Sultanate (12th-15th c.)
Adal Sultanate (15th-16th c.)
Ethiopian–Adal war
Early modern
Isaaq Sultanate (17th-19th c.)
Habr Yunis Sultanate (18th-19th c.)
Zeila • Berbera • Bulhar
Colonial period (1884–1960)
British Somaliland (1884-1960)
Dervish movement (1884-1920)
Somaliland campaign (1901-1910)
Somaliland campaign (1920)
Burao Tax Revolt (1922)
Italian invasion (1941)
Sheikh Bashir Rebellion (1945)
Modern Somaliland (since 1960)
State of Somaliland (1960)
Somali Republic (1960-1969)
1961 revolt in Somalia
Somali Democratic Republic (1969-1991)
Somaliland War of Independence (1981-1991)
Isaaq genocide (1982-1990)
Peace process (1991)
Declaration of Independence (1991)
Somaliland (1991)
Peace treaties of the Somaliland War of Independence (1991-1997)
Constitutional referendum (2001)
Somaliland portal
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British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate (Somali: Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida), was a protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland.[2] During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Somalia, French Somali Coast and Abyssinia (temporarily Italian Ethiopia). From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa.
On 26 June 1960, British Somaliland was formally granted independence by the United Kingdom as the State of Somaliland. Five days later, on 1 July 1960, the State of Somaliland voluntarily united with the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somalia) to form the Somali Republic.[3][4] The government of Somaliland, an unrecognised independent state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia,[5][6] regards itself as the successor state to British Somaliland.[7][8]
^"Census of the British empire. 1901". Openlibrary.org. 1906. p. 178. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
^Kingdom, United. "Somaliland Protectorate, communicated by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
^"Somalia". Archived from the original on 9 February 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
^Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). "Somaliland" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 378–384.
^Lacey, Marc (5 June 2006). "The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
^"The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic" (PDF). University of Pretoria. 1 February 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2010. "The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."
^"Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule" (fee required). The New York Times. 26 June 1960. p. 6. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
^"How Britain said farewell to its Empire". BBC News. 23 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
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