Not to be confused with British Somaliland or the de facto independent state of Somaliland.
Italian Somalia
Somalia Italiana(Italian) Dhulka Soomaalida ee Talyaaniga(Somali) الصومال الإيطالي(Arabic) Al-Sumal Al-Italiy
1889–1936
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: Per l'onore d'Italia "For the honour of Italy"
Anthem:Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza "Royal March of Ordinance" Marcia Reale
Italian Somaliland, with Oltre Giuba acquired in 1925
Status
Colony of Italy
Capital
Mogadiscio[1][page needed]
Common languages
Italian (official) Somali, Arabic
Religion
Islam, Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)
Somali
Government
Colonial Administration
King
• 1889–1900
Umberto I
• 1900–1936
Victor Emmanuel III
Governor
• 1889–1893 (first)
Vincenzo Filonardi
• 1936 (last)
Angelo De Ruben
Historical era
New Imperialism
• Hobyo Protectorate
9 February 1889
• Majeerteen Protectorate
7 April 1889
• Hiraab Protectorate
17 September 1894
• Geledi Protectorate
1902[2]
• Italian Somalia colony
30 April 1908
• Part of Italian East Africa
1 June 1936
• British occupation
26 February 1941
• Relinquished by Italy
10 February 1947
• End of British occupation
1 April 1950
• Somali unification
1 July 1960
Currency
Italian lira (1889–1909) Somali rupia (1909–1925) Somali lira (1925–1938)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Sultanate of Hobyo
Majeerteen Sultanate
Hiraab Imamate
Sultanate of the Geledi
Italian Trans-Juba
Italian East Africa
Today part of
Somalia
Italian Somaliland (Italian: Somalia Italiana; Arabic: الصومال الإيطالي, romanized: Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; Somali: Dhulka Soomaalida ee Talyaaniga) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th century by the Somali Sultanates of Hobyo and Majeerteen in the north, and in the south by political entities such as the Hiraab Imamate and Geledi Sultanate.[3]
Italy gradually secured much of the territory in the 1880s through a series of protection treaties.[4] Starting in the 1890s, the Bimaal and Wa'dan revolts near Merca marked the beginning of Somali resistance to Italian expansion, coinciding with the rise of the anti-colonial Dervish movement in the north.[5] By the end of 1927, following a two year military campaign against Somali rebels, Rome finally asserted authority over the entirety of Italian Somaliland.[6]
In 1936, the region was integrated into Italian East Africa as the Somalia Governorate. This would last until Italy's loss of the region in 1941, during the East African campaign of World War II. Italian Somalia then came under British military administration until 1950, when it became a United Nations trusteeship, the Trust Territory of Somalia under Italian administration. On 1 July 1960, the Trust Territory of Somalia united with the former British Somaliland to form the Somali Republic.[7]
^Caniglia, Giuseppe (1935). Genti di Somalia. Rome: Paolo Cremonese.
^L'Italia in Africa: serie storica. La politica coloniale dell'Italia negli atti, decumenti e discussioni parlamentari; testo di Giacomo Perticone, e note redanionali di richiam agli atti parlamentari a cura di Guglielmo Guglielmi, pg 246–247
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Mariam Arif Gassem, Somalia: clan vs. nation (s.n.: 2002), p.4
^Carpanelli & Scovazzi 2020, p. 88-89.
^Carpanelli & Scovazzi 2020, p. 16.
^Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Clarendon Press. 2008. p. 1783. ISBN 9781593394929.
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