Egg, Collection Museum Wiesbaden, GermanyThe young leave the nest before fledging.
Tawny owls are monogamous and territorial year around. Young birds select territories and look for mates in autumn and tend to be very vocal, especially males.[1][2] Due to their highly territorial behaviour, young birds frequently struggle to establish a territory unless a nearby adult dies. Males routinely engage in territorial fights.[1][2][3] Territories have been known to have been maintained by single tawnys for up to 10 years in Russia and 13 years in Berlin.[4][5] Of 34 males in Wytham, only one male moved off of territory, due to being disturbed by humans.[6] It appears to be largely up to the male to select territorial boundaries.[1] Despite the aforementioned territorial behaviour, active nests of two separate pairs at as close as 100 m (330 ft), in the Tegel forest, have been reported.[1] This species shows very little extrapair parentage.[7] In Switzerland for example, a study of 137 nestings found that only one, or 0.7%, were from a different father than the mate, females cannot generally raise young without male contribution so the pair structure of these highly residential owls insures little instance of cuckoldry.[8] Cases of bigamy were reported at Wytham in 6 of 34 males, in situations where apparently a neighboring male died and was suffixed subsequently, however, one or the other nesting attempts would completely fail each time.[6][9] In Pavia, 3 of 22 territories included two mature females.[10]
^ abcdVoous, Karel H.; Cameron, Ad (illustrator) (1988). Owls of the Northern Hemisphere. London, Collins. pp. 209–219. ISBN 978-0-00-219493-8.
^ abKönig, Claus; Weick, Friedhelm (2008). Owls of the World (2nd ed.). London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 9781408108840.
^Hume, R. (1991). Owls of the world. Running Press, Philadelphia.
^Dementiev, G. P., Gladkov, N. A., Ptushenko, E. S., Spangenberg, E. P., & Sudilovskaya, A. M. (1966). Birds of the Soviet Union, vol. 1. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.
^Wendland, V. (1963). Fünfjährige Beobachtungen an einer Population des Waldkauzes (Strix aluco) im Berliner Grunewald. Journal für Ornithologie, 104(1), 23–57.
^ abHirons, G.J.R. (1976). A population study of the Tawny Owl Strix aluco) and its main prey species in woodland. D. Phil Thesis, University of Oxford.
^Saurola, P. (1987). Mate and nest-site fidelity in Ural and Tawny owls. Biology and conservation of northern forest owls, 81–86.
^Saladin, V., Ritschard, M., Roulin, A., Bize, P., & Richner, H. (2007). Analysis of genetic parentage in the tawny owl (Strix aluco) reveals extra-pair paternity is low. Journal of Ornithology, 148(1), 113–116.
^Hirons, G. J. M. (1985). The effects of territorial behaviour on the stability and dispersion of tawny owl (Strix aluco) populations. Journal of Zoology, 1(1), 21–48.
^Galeotti, P. (1998). Correlates of hoot rate and structure in male Tawny Owls Strix aluco: implications for male rivalry and female mate choice. Journal of Avian Biology, 29, 25–32.
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