John James Audubon's painting of a golden eagle carrying a snowshoe hare
The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the most powerful predators in the avian world. One author described it as "the pre-eminent diurnal predator of medium-sized birds and mammals in open country throughout the Northern Hemisphere".[1] Golden eagles usually hunt during daylight hours, but were recorded hunting from one hour before sunrise to one hour after sunset during the breeding season in southwestern Idaho.[2] The hunting success rate of golden eagles was calculated in Idaho, showing that, out of 115 hunting attempts, 20% were successful in procuring prey.[3] A fully-grown golden eagle requires about 230 to 250 g (8.1 to 8.8 oz) of food per day. In the life of most eagles, there are cycles of feast and famine, and eagles have been known to go without food for up to a week. Following these periods without food, they will then gorge on up to 900 g (2.0 lb) at one sitting.[4] The powerful talons of the golden eagle ensure that few preys can escape them once contact is made. The talons of this species exert approximately 440 pounds per square inch (3 MPa) of pressure, around 15 times more pressure than is exerted by the human hand, although some claim that the largest individual females may reach a pressure of 750 psi (5.2 MPa).[5] It has been claimed that the golden eagle can lift more than its own body weight in flight.[6] However, other sources claim that a hare, marmot or deer calf weighing 4 kg (8.8 lb) is a struggle for even a large female to carry and that prey much over 2 kg (4.4 lb) would require favorably high wind conditions.[7][8][9]
^Cornell University. Bna.birds.cornell.edu. Retrieved on 2012–08–22.
^Dunstan, T. C., Harper, J.H. & Phipps, K.B. 1978. Habitat use and hunting strategies of Prairie Falcons, Red-tailed Hawks, and Golden Eagles. Fin. Rep. Western Illinois University, Macomb.
^Collopy, M.W. "Foraging Behavior and Success of Golden Eagles" (PDF). Auk. Retrieved 2013-04-24.
^Cite error: The named reference Brown was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Powerful feet and talons help birds of prey make their living | Lubbock Online | Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Lubbock Online (2006–03–26). Retrieved on 2012–08–22.
^Terres, J. 1980. The Audubon society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knophf, New York.
^Huey, M. 1962. Comparisons of the weight-lifting capacities of a House Finch and a Golden Eagle. Auk, 79: 485.
^Kalmbach, E.R., Imler, R.H. & Arnold, L.W> 1964. The American Eagles and their Economic Status. USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington.
^Snow, C. 1973. Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos. Habitat management of unique or endangered species. USDI Bureau of Land Management Tech. Note 239.
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