"Brain damage" redirects here. For other uses, see Brain damage (disambiguation).
For the scientific journal on brain injuries, see Brain Injury (journal).
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Medical condition
Brain injury
Other names
Brain damage, neurotrauma
A CT of the head years after a traumatic brain injury showing an empty space where the damage occurred, marked by the arrow
Specialty
Neurology
Symptoms
Depending on brain area injured
Types
Acquired brain injury (ABI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), focal or diffuse, primary and secondary
Brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
A common category with the greatest number of injuries is traumatic brain injury (TBI) following physical trauma or head injury from an outside source, and the term acquired brain injury (ABI) is used in appropriate circles to differentiate brain injuries occurring after birth from injury, from a genetic disorder (GBI), or from a congenital disorder (CBI).[1] Primary and secondary brain injuries identify the processes involved, while focal and diffuse brain injury describe the severity and localization.[citation needed]
Impaired function of affected areas can be compensated through neuroplasticity by forming new neural connections.
^"What is an Acquired Brain Injury?" (PDF). Headway. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-05. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
Braininjury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Braininjuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general...
A traumatic braininjury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based...
concussion, also known as a mild traumatic braininjury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. Symptoms may include loss of...
Acquired braininjury (ABI) is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder such as fetal alcohol...
history of multiple head injuries; however, population rates are unclear. Research in brain damage as a result of repeated head injuries began in the 1920s...
A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic braininjury and head injury are often used interchangeably...
flow). Braininjury as a result of oxygen deprivation either due to hypoxic or anoxic mechanisms are generally termed hypoxic/anoxic injuries (HAI). Hypoxic...
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a braininjury in which scattered lesions occur over a widespread area in white matter tracts as well as grey matter. DAI...
Focal and diffuse braininjury are ways to classify braininjury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread...
commonly seen in a variety of braininjuries including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic braininjury, subdural, epidural, or intracerebral...
contrecoup injuries are associated with cerebral contusions, a type of traumatic braininjury in which the brain is bruised. Coup and contrecoup injuries can...
secondary braininjury are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in braininjury. In traumatic braininjury (TBI), primary braininjury occurs...
in studying the brain. The medical history of people with braininjury has provided insight into the function of each part of the brain. Neuroscience research...
intracranial pressure (ICP): these include traumatic braininjury, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain tumor. Herniation can also occur in the absence of...
Reperfusion injury plays a major part in the biochemistry of hypoxic braininjury in stroke. Similar failure processes are involved in brain failure following...
wound. In penetrating injury from high-velocity missiles, injuries may occur not only from initial laceration and crushing of brain tissue by the projectile...
hemorrhage has been found to occur in 35% of moderate to severe traumatic braininjuries. Thus the hemorrhage usually does not occur without extensive associated...
plasticity or brain plasticity, is the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization. It is when the brain is rewired...
crying or laughing. PBA occurs secondary to a neurologic disorder or braininjury. Patients may find themselves crying uncontrollably at something that...
with more severe traumatic braininjury have of a combination of intracranial injuries, which can include diffuse axonal injury, cerebral contusions, and...
the brain that have become dysfunctional after a stroke or other head injuries. This includes sensory substitution, e.g., in vision. Other brain implants...
in aqueductal stenosis. Other causes include meningitis, brain tumors, traumatic braininjury, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage...
cerebrovascular disease involves braininjury due to problems with the blood vessels (cardiovascular system) supplying the brain; autoimmune disorders involve...
to require brain health testing for fighters". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 18 April 2024. "Boxer dies after suffering braininjury in fight"....
lobe injuries, or just traumatic braininjuries in general. There are many factors to consider when examining the effects of a traumatic braininjury, such...
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