"Head trauma" redirects here. Not to be confused with Psychological trauma.
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Medical condition
Head injury
Other names
Head trauma
Soldier wounded at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862.
Specialty
Neuropathology, Psychiatry, Neurology
Symptoms
Injury to the brain or skull
Complications
Hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, coma, nervous system damage, paralysis, death
A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature.[1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that can cause head injuries.
The number of new cases is 1.7 million in the United States each year, with about 3% of these incidents leading to death. Adults have head injuries more frequently than any age group resulting from falls, motor vehicle crashes, colliding or being struck by an object, or assaults. Children, however, may experience head injuries from accidental falls or intentional causes (such as being struck or shaken) leading to hospitalization.[1] Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a term used to differentiate brain injuries occurring after birth from injury, from a genetic disorder, or from a congenital disorder.[2]
Unlike a broken bone where trauma to the body is obvious, head trauma can sometimes be conspicuous or inconspicuous. In the case of an open head injury, the skull is cracked and broken by an object that makes contact with the brain. This leads to bleeding. Other obvious symptoms can be neurological in nature. The person may become sleepy, behave abnormally, lose consciousness, vomit, develop a severe headache, have mismatched pupil sizes, and/or be unable to move certain parts of the body. While these symptoms happen immediately after a head injury occurs, many problems can develop later in life. Alzheimer's disease, for example, is much more likely to develop in a person who has experienced a head injury.[3]
Brain damage, which is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells, is a common occurrence in those who experience a head injury. Neurotoxicity is another cause of brain damage that typically refers to selective, chemically induced neuron/brain damage.
^ abHardman S, Rominiyi O, King D, Snelson E (May 2019). "Is cranial computed tomography unnecessary in children with a head injury and isolated vomiting?". BMJ. 365: l1875. doi:10.1136/bmj.l1875. PMID 31123100. S2CID 163165272.
^Elbaum J (2007-04-13). Counseling Individuals Post Acquired Brain Injury; In: Acquired Brain Injury. Springer New York. pp. 259–274. ISBN 9780387375748.
^Proskuriakova NA, Kasendeeva MK (September 1975). "[Importance of Co35 in the treatment of secondary hypochromic anemia in young children]". Zdravookhranenie Kirgizii (5): 44–8. PMID 1942.
A headinjury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and headinjury are often used interchangeably...
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penetrating headinjury, or open headinjury, is a headinjury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached. Penetrating injury can be...
number of injuries is traumatic brain injury (TBI) following physical trauma or headinjury from an outside source, and the term acquired brain injury (ABI)...
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brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating headinjury) or...
devastating types of traumatic brain injury and is a major cause of unconsciousness and persistent vegetative state after severe head trauma. It occurs in about...
In headinjury, a coup injury occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a contrecoup injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit...
for an outclassed opponent (RSCO), outscored opponent (RSCOS), injury (RSCI) or headinjury (RSCH). Professional bouts are usually much longer than amateur...
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spinal epidural hematoma. There may be loss of consciousness following a headinjury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again...
shaking, or a combination of both. SBS is the leading cause of fatal headinjuries in children under two, with a risk of death of about 25%. The most common...
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abnormal movement of the eyes. Subdural hematomas are most often caused by headinjury, in which rapidly changing velocities within the skull may stretch and...
susceptible to headinjury (concussion) than males. Men's skulls have also been shown to maintain density with age, which may aid in preventing headinjury, while...
Major trauma sometimes is classified by body area; injuries affecting 40% are polytrauma, 30% headinjuries, 20% chest trauma, 10%, abdominal trauma, and 2%...
Treatment is generally based on the extent and location of the injury to structures inside the head. Surgery may be performed to seal a CSF leak that does not...
functional disability, and those causing severe head or neck trauma with no permanent disability. A fatal injury may be a direct result of trauma sustained...
recreational drugs, including withdrawal; viral infections; loud noises; headinjury; rapid ingestion of a very cold food or beverage; and dental or sinus...
related to sports injuries is traumatic head or neck occurrences. When an athlete complains of pain, injury, or distress, the key to diagnosis is a detailed...
along with labyrinthitis and Ménière's disease. It can result from a headinjury or simply occur among those who are older. Often, a specific cause is...
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