Crisis trigged by Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908
Events leading to World War I
Unification of Germany 1866–1871
Franco-Prussian War 1870–1871
Second Concert of Europe 1871
Great Eastern Crisis 1875–1878
Campaign in Bosnia 1878
Dual Alliance 1879
Boer Wars 1880–1902
Austro–Serbian Alliance 1881–1903
Triple Alliance 1882
Berlin Conference 1884
Bulgarian Crisis 1885–1888
Reinsurance Treaty 1887–1890
Franco-Russian Alliance 1894
Anglo-German naval arms race 1898–1912
Fashoda incident 1898
Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1902
Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
Entente Cordiale 1904
First Moroccan Crisis 1905–1906
Pig War 1906–1908
Anglo-Russian Convention 1907
Young Turk Revolution 1908
Bosnian Crisis 1908–1909
Racconigi Bargain 1909
Second Moroccan Crisis 1911
Italo-Turkish War 1911–1912
Balkan Wars 1912–1913
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand 1914
July Crisis 1914
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The Bosnian Crisis, also known as the Annexation Crisis (German: Bosnische Annexionskrise, Turkish: Bosna Krizi; Serbo-Croatian: Aneksiona kriza, Анексиона криза) or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted on 5 October 1908[1] when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,[a] territories formerly within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire but under Austro-Hungarian administration since 1878.[9]
This unilateral action—timed to coincide with Bulgaria's declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire on 5 October—sparked protestations from all the Great Powers and Austria-Hungary's Balkan neighbors, Serbia and Montenegro. In April 1909, the Treaty of Berlin was amended to reflect the fait accompli and bring the crisis to an end. Although the crisis ended with what appeared to be a total Austro-Hungarian diplomatic victory, it permanently damaged relations between Austria-Hungary and its neighbors, especially Serbia, Italy and Russia, and in the long term helped lay the grounds for World War I.[10] Austro-Serbian relations – harmed by the annexation's inflaming of Serbian nationalists[11] – continued to be strained to the point of declaring war on each other in 1914.[12]
^Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers. HarperCollins. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5. OCLC 1002090920.
^Menning, Ralph Richard (1996). The art of the possible: documents on great power diplomacy, 1814–1914. McGraw-Hill. p. 339. ISBN 9780070415744. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^Stevenson, David (1996). Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904-1914. Clarendon Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780198202080. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^Mombauer, Annika (2 December 2013). The Origins of the First World War: Controversies and Consensus. Taylor & Francis. p. 18. ISBN 9781317875833. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^Martel, Gordon (21 March 2011). A Companion to Europe, 1900 - 1945. John Wiley & Sons. p. 284. ISBN 9781444391671. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^Gardner, Hall (16 March 2016). The Failure to Prevent World War I: The Unexpected Armageddon. Routledge. p. 165. ISBN 9781317032175. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^Hinsley, Francis Harry; Hinsley (15 September 1977). British Foreign Policy Under Sir Edward Grey. Cambridge University Press. p. 178. ISBN 9780521213479. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^Siegel, Jennifer (3 November 2014). For Peace and Money: French and British Finance in the Service of Tsars and Commissars. Oxford University Press. p. 150. ISBN 9780199387830. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^Clark 2013, p. 24.
^Clark 2013, p. 86.
^Clark 2013, p. 33.
^Richard C. Hall (2014). War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 40–43. ISBN 9781610690317.
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The BosnianCrisis, also known as the Annexation Crisis (German: Bosnische Annexionskrise, Turkish: Bosna Krizi; Serbo-Croatian: Aneksiona kriza, Анексиона...
including in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian government's decision to formally annex Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 (the BosnianCrisis) added to...
Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia, where Serbia had hoped to expand its territory. The BosnianCrisis of 1908–1909 (also referred to as the Annexation crisis) erupted into...
1908, during the BosnianCrisis, Austria-Hungary formally annexed it into its own territory. Sanjaks of the Vilayet: Sanjak of Bosnia (Kazas of Visoka...
The Bosnian War (Serbo-Croatian: Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and...
The First Moroccan Crisis or the Tangier Crisis was an international crisis between March 31 1905 and April 7 1906 over the status of Morocco. Germany...
Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 in exchange for Austrian support for the opening of the Turkish Straits to Russian warships. In the resultant Bosnian Crisis...
generals during the July Crisis, which was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by the Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo...
The Agadir Crisis, Agadir Incident, or Second Moroccan Crisis was a brief crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in...
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which led to the outbreak of World War I. The crisis began on 28 June 1914, when Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb nationalist, assassinated Archduke Franz...
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the Bosnia Eyalet was established in 1580 the Bosnian Sanjak became its central province. Between 1864 and the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia in...
Bosnia as a country under their sovereignty during medieval time, however, Bosnian sovereignty and independence is nevertheless undeniable. Bosnian rulers...
course of the BosnianCrisis, he abandoned the idea of a friendly accommodation with Russia. The principal players in the BosnianCrisis of 1908-09 were...
annex the de jure Ottoman province of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which it had occupied since 1878 (see BosnianCrisis). Bulgaria declared independence as it...
as a direct threat. The 1908–1909 BosnianCrisis began when Austria annexed the former Ottoman territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which it had occupied...
Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a Bosniak, president of the Parliament was a Bosnian Serb and the prime minister a Bosnian Croat. After Slovenia...
Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosnian Muslim side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. They first arrived in central Bosnia in the latter half of 1992 with...
The Banate of Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Banovina Bosna / Бановина Босна), or Bosnian Banate (Bosanska banovina / Босанска бановина), was a medieval state...
During the BosnianCrisis, prince Nicholas I of Montenegro issued a statement on 6 October 1908 condemning the Habsburg annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
"Pig War"); the Bosniancrisis of 1908–1909, in which Serbia assumed an attitude of protest over Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (ending...
The Fashoda Incident, also known as the Fashoda Crisis (French: Crise de Fachoda), was the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and...
Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1995, Bosniak forces and Bosnian Croat forces of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina defeated...
The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875–1878 began in the Ottoman Empire's territories on the Balkan peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings...