Light micrograph of an osteoclast displaying typical distinguishing characteristics: a large cell with multiple nuclei and a "foamy" cytosol.
Specialty
Rheumatology
Bone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones[1] and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood.[2]
The osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that contain numerous mitochondria and lysosomes. These are the cells responsible for the resorption of bone. Osteoblasts are generally present on the outer layer of bone, just beneath the periosteum. Attachment of the osteoclast to the osteon begins the process. The osteoclast then induces an infolding of its cell membrane and secretes collagenase and other enzymes important in the resorption process. High levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and products of collagen will be released into the extracellular fluid as the osteoclasts tunnel into the mineralized bone. Osteoclasts are prominent in the tissue destruction found in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatological disorders.[3]
The human body is in a constant state of bone remodeling.[4] Bone remodeling is a process which maintains bone strength and ion homeostasis by replacing discrete parts of old bone with newly synthesized packets of proteinaceous matrix.[5] Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts, and is deposited by osteoblasts in a process called ossification.[6] Osteocyte activity plays a key role in this process. Conditions that result in a decrease in bone mass can either be caused by an increase in resorption or by a decrease in ossification. During childhood, bone formation exceeds resorption. As the aging process occurs, resorption exceeds formation.[5]
Bone resorption rates are much higher in post-menopausal older women due to estrogen deficiency related with menopause.[7] Common treatments include drugs that increase bone mineral density. Bisphosphonates, RANKL inhibitors, SERMs—selective oestrogen receptor modulators, hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin are some of the common treatments.[8] Light weight bearing exercise tends to eliminate the negative effects of bone resorption.[9]
^Bone+Resorption at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^Mensah KA, Schwarz EM, Ritchlin CT (August 2008). "Altered bone remodeling in psoriatic arthritis". Current Rheumatology Reports. 10 (4): 311–317. doi:10.1007/s11926-008-0050-5. PMC 2656567. PMID 18662512.
^Hall JE, Guyton AC (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology (12th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-4574-8.
^ abClarke B (November 2008). "Normal bone anatomy and physiology". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 3 (Suppl 3): S131–S139. doi:10.2215/CJN.04151206. PMC 3152283. PMID 18988698.
^Cite error: The named reference pmid21689804 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Feng X, McDonald JM (2011-01-01). "Disorders of bone remodeling". Annual Review of Pathology. 6: 121–145. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130203. PMC 3571087. PMID 20936937.
^Russell G, Mueller G, Shipman C, Croucher P (2001-01-01). "Clinical Disorders of Bone Resorption". The Molecular Basis of Skeletogenesis. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 232. pp. 251–267, discussion 267–271. doi:10.1002/0470846658.ch17. ISBN 9780471494331. PMID 11277085. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Shanb AA, Youssef EF (September 2014). "The impact of adding weight-bearing exercise versus nonweight bearing programs to the medical treatment of elderly patients with osteoporosis". Journal of Family & Community Medicine. 21 (3): 176–181. doi:10.4103/2230-8229.142972. PMC 4214007. PMID 25374469.
Boneresorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting...
Resorption is the absorption of cells or tissue into the circulatory system, usually by osteoclasts. Types of resorption include: Boneresorption Herniated...
primary dentition. While resorption of bone is a normal physiological response to stimuli throughout the body, root resorption in permanent dentition and...
osteology, bone remodeling or bone metabolism is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called boneresorption) and...
Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts and can be interpreted as the reverse of ossification. Although osteoclasts are active...
destroyed, the bones showed a significant increase in boneresorption, decreased bone formation, trabecular bone loss, and loss of response to unloading. Osteocytes...
involved in the formation and mineralisation of bone; osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue. Modified (flattened) osteoblasts become...
imbalance between boneresorption and bone formation. In normal bone, matrix remodeling of bone is constant; up to 10% of all bone mass may be undergoing...
process known as boneresorption. This process also helps regulate the level of blood calcium. Osteoclasts are found on those surfaces of bone that are undergoing...
which one or both of the mandibular condyles are broken down in a boneresorption process. This disorder is nine times more likely to be present in females...
and boneresorption by osteoclasts is defective, as an acidic environment is needed to dissociate calcium hydroxyapatite from the bone matrix. As bone resorption...
new bone) via the rank ligand pathway leading to boneresorption and calcium release into the bloodstream. The massive release of calcium from bone metastasis...
Human bones have the ability to regenerate themselves by cycle of boneresorption and bone formation. The cell responsible for boneresorption is osteoclast...
gland is behaving normally; clinical problems are due to boneresorption and manifest as bone syndromes such as rickets, osteomalacia, and renal osteodystrophy...
Osteoporosis is a bone-related disease caused by increased rates of boneresorption compared to bone formation. A higher rate of resorption is often caused...
osteoblasts, which form woven bone[citation needed] through boneresorption of calcified cartilage and recruitment of bone cells and osteoclasts. The fibroblasts...
therefore not directly affected by calcitonin levels. However, since boneresorption and bone formation are coupled processes, eventually calcitonin's inhibition...
roots left in the maxilla (upper jaw) help preserve bone of the upper jaw, preventing boneresorption. Another advantage is that the sensory aspect is improved...
postnatal period. This later modification happens by bone remodeling processes (boneresorption and bone deposition). Coquerelle et al. show that the anteriorly...
activity of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone, in a process known as osteoclastic boneresorption. The hyperparathyroidism can be triggered by a...
that IH patients had lower bone density, suggesting increased boneresorption. Boneresorption involves the breaking down of bone tissue and the transfer...
essential to support the metabolic activity of bone. The balance of bone formation and boneresorption tends to be negative with age, particularly in...
on bone, kidney, and the intestine: In bone, PTH enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. Boneresorption is the...
normal conditions, bone undergoes continuous remodeling through osteoclast-mediated boneresorption and osteoblast-mediated bone deposition. These processes...
degeneration of a weight-bearing joint, a process marked by bony destruction, boneresorption, and eventual deformity due to loss of sensation. Onset is usually...
cells that resorb and deposit bone, respectively. The remodeling period consists of the combined duration of the resorption, the osteoclastic reversal (the...
the intestines, promoting boneresorption by increasing osteoclast number, maintaining calcium and phosphate levels for bone formation, and allowing proper...
which the inflammation of the gums results in tissue destruction and boneresorption around the teeth. Periodontitis can ultimately lead to tooth loss....
Global Information
