This article is about an arts movement. For the poem, see Black Art (poem).
Black Arts Movement
Nikki Giovanni, a participant in the Black Arts Movement
Years active
1965–1975 (approx.)[1]
Location
United States
Major figures
Amiri Baraka[1]
Audre Lorde[1]
Dudley Randall[2]
Gwendolyn Brooks[1]
Haki R. Madhubuti[2]
Hoyt W. Fuller[1]
Ishmael Reed[2]
Larry Neal[2]
Maya Angelou[1]
Nikki Giovanni[1]
Rosa Guy[2]
Sonia Sanchez[2]
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The Black Arts Movement (BAM) was an African American-led art movement that was active during the 1960s and 1970s.[3] Through activism and art, BAM created new cultural institutions and conveyed a message of black pride.[4] The movement expanded from the incredible accomplishments of artists of the Harlem Renaissance.
Famously referred to by Larry Neal as the "aesthetic and spiritual sister of Black Power",[5] BAM applied these same political ideas to art and literature.[6] and artists found new inspiration in their African heritage as a way to present the black experience in America. Artists like Aaron Douglas, Hale Woodruff, and Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller pioneered the movement with a distinctly modernist aesthetic.[7] This style influenced the proliferation of African American art during the twentieth century.
The poet and playwright Amiri Baraka is widely recognized as the founder of BAM.[8] In 1965, he established the Black Arts Repertory Theatre School (BART/S) in Harlem.[9] Baraka's example inspired many others to create organizations across the United States.[4] While many of these organizations were short-lived, their work has had a lasting influence. Some still exist, including the National Black Theatre, founded by Barabara Ann Teer in Harlem, New York.
^ abcdefgFoster, Hannah (2014-03-21). "The Black Arts Movement (1965-1975)". Black Past. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
^ abcdefSalaam, Kaluma. "Historical Overviews of The Black Arts Movement". Department of English, University of Illinois. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
^Finkelman, Paul, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of African American History. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 187. ISBN 9780195167795.
^ abBracey, John H.; Sanchez, Sonia; Smethurst, James Edward, eds. (2014). SOS-Calling All Black People : a Black Arts Movement Reader. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 7. ISBN 9781625340306. OCLC 960887586.
^Neal, Larry (Summer 1968). "The Black Arts Movement". The Drama Review. 12 (4): 29–39. doi:10.2307/1144377. JSTOR 1144377.
^Iton, Richard. In Search of the Black Fantastic: Politics and Popular Culture in the Post Civil Rights Era.
^Hassan, Salah M. (2011). "Remembering the Black Arts Movement". Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art. 29 (1): 4–7. doi:10.1215/10757163-1496309. ISSN 2152-7792. S2CID 193193496.
^Woodard, Komozi (1999). A Nation within a Nation. Chapel Hill and London: The University Of North Carolina Press. doi:10.5149/uncp/9780807847619. ISBN 9780807847619.
^Jeyifous, Abiodun (Winter 1974). "Black Critics on Black Theatre in America: An Introduction". The Drama Review. 18 (3): 34–45. doi:10.2307/1144922. JSTOR 1144922.
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