Black separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for those of African descent in societies, particularly in the United States. Black separatism stems from the idea of racial solidarity, and it also implies that black people should organize themselves on the basis of their common skin color, their race, culture, and African heritage.[1] There were a total of 255 black separatist groups recorded in the United States as of 2019.[2][3]
Black separatism in its purest form asserts that blacks and whites ideally should form two independent nations.[4] Additionally, black separatists often seek to return to their original cultural homeland of Africa.[5] This sentiment was spearheaded by Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association in the 1920s.[6] Black separatists generally think that black people are hindered in a white-dominated society.
^Hall 1978, p. 1.
^"United States - active hate groups by type 2019". Statista. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
^"Black Separatist". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021.
^Hall 1978, p. 3.
^"Back to Africa movement gathers pace". New African Magazine. January 4, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^"Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, The Twentieth Century, Divining America: Religion in American History, TeacherServe, National Humanities Center". nationalhumanitiescenter.org. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
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