Specialized cells used to improve heart regulation
A biological pacemaker is one or more types of cellular components that, when "implanted or injected into certain regions of the heart," produce specific electrical stimuli that mimic that of the body's natural pacemaker cells.[1] Biological pacemakers are indicated for issues such as heart block, slow heart rate, and asynchronous heart ventricle contractions.[2][3]
The biological pacemaker is intended as an alternative to the artificial cardiac pacemaker that has been in human use since the late 1950s. Despite their success, several limitations and problems with artificial pacemakers have emerged during the past decades such as electrode fracture or damage to insulation, infection, re-operations for battery exchange, and venous thrombosis. The need for an alternative is most obvious in children, including premature newborn babies, where size mismatch and the fact that pacemaker leads do not grow with children are a problem.[1] A more biological approach has been taken in order to mitigate many of these issues. However, the implanted biological pacemaker cells still typically need to be supplemented with an artificial pacemaker while the cells form the necessary electrical connections with cardiac tissue.[1]
^ abcKenknight, B.; Girouard, S.D. (2013). "Chapter 3: Genetics - Patent Issued for Method for Controlling Pacemaker Therapy". In Acton, Q.A. (ed.). Arrhythmia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional. Atlanta, GA: ScholarlyEditions. pp. 27–60. ISBN 9781481650717. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
^Ellis, Marie (17 July 2014). "Scientists create 'biological pacemakers' by transplanting gene into hearts". Medical News Today. MediLexicon International Ltd. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
^Hattori, K. (22 June 2015). "Blue light sets the beat in biological pacemaker". Science Daily. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
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