This article is about biological activity of pharmaceuticals. For biological activity as interactions of living organisms, see biocoenosis.
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter.[1][2] When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice.
Biological activity is usually measured by a bioassay and the activity is generally dosage-dependent, which is investigated via dose-response curves. Further, it is common to have effects ranging from beneficial to adverse for one substance when going from low to high doses. Activity depends critically on fulfillment of the ADME criteria. To be an effective drug, a compound not only must be active against a target, but also possess the appropriate ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties necessary to make it suitable for use as a drug.[3] Because of the costs of the measurement, biological activities are often predicted with computational methods, so-called QSAR models.
Bioactivity is a key property that promotes osseointegration for bonding and better stability of dental implants.[4] Bioglass coatings represent high surface area and reactivity leading to an effective interaction of the coating material and surrounding bone tissues. In the biological environment, the formation of a layer of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) initiates bonding to the bone tissues. The bioglass surface coating undergoes leaching/exchange of ions, dissolution of glass, and formation of the HA layer that promotes cellular response of tissues.[5] The high specific surface area of bioactive glasses is likely to induce quicker solubility of the material, availability of ions in the surrounding area, and enhanced protein adsorption ability. These factors altogether contribute toward the bioactivity of bioglass coatings. In addition, tissue mineralization (bone, teeth) is promoted while tissue forming cells are in direct contact with bioglass materials.
Whereas a material is considered bioactive if it has interaction with or effect on any cell tissue in the human body, pharmacological activity is usually taken to describe beneficial effects, i.e. the effects of drug candidates as well as a substance's toxicity.
In the study of biomineralisation, bioactivity is often meant to mean the formation of calcium phosphate deposits on the surface of objects placed in simulated body fluid, a buffer solution with ion content similar to blood.
^A.Jagan Mohan Reddy; Manas Ranjan Barik; Gajendra L. Muli & Parthasarathy.T (2012). "Computational Approach for Designing and Development of Potent Inhibitor for Hepatitis – B Virus X- Associated Protein through Molecular Docking Studies". Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 4 (1): 265–271.
^Zafar, M.S.; Farooq; Awais & Najeeb (2019). "Bioactive surface coatings for enhancing osseointegration of dental implants". In Biomedical, Therapeutic and Clinical Applications of Bioactive Glasses. 4 (1): 313–329. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102196-5.00011-2. S2CID 139116413.
^Chakraborty, R.; Raza; M.S. & Datta (2019). "Synthesis and characterization of nickel free titanium–hydroxyapatite composite coating over Nitinol surface through in-situ laser cladding and alloying". Surface and Coatings Technology. 4 (1): 539–550. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.036. S2CID 139175107.
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In pharmacology, biologicalactivity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is...
branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biologicalactivity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification...
Herzig in 1891. The biologicalactivity of fisetin has been studied in many laboratory assays; like other polyphenols it has many activities. Fisetin can be...
variations of the timing and duration of biologicalactivity in living organisms occur for many essential biological processes. These occur (a) in animals...
11-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone. The latter has the same biologicalactivity as testosterone and, therefore, these are also very important in...
thrombolytics, such as heparin, as it does not interfere with the biologicalactivity of other serum proteins, and can also act on complexed thrombin....
testosterone can bind to an androgenic receptor, which means it has biologicalactivity. While a significant portion of testosterone is bound to SHBG, a...
13062. PMC 3115369. PMID 20861691. Stasiuk, M.; Kozubek, A. (2009). "Biologicalactivity of phenolic lipids". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 67 (6):...
been found to act as neurosteroids with their own AR-independent biologicalactivity. 3α-Androstanediol is a potent positive allosteric modulator of the...
hundreds of thousands of possible drugs. Any chemical substance with biologicalactivity may be considered a drug. This list categorises drugs alphabetically...
H. P.; Francis, G; Becker, K (2007). "Phorbol esters: Structure, biologicalactivity, and toxicity in animals". International Journal of Toxicology. 26...
isolated from Incarvillea sinensis has demonstrated significant analgesic activity when compared to the opiate alkaloid morphine. Incarvillateine's pain-killing...
studies the chemistry required for biologicalactivity of molecules, molecular biology studies their biologicalactivity, genetics studies their heredity...
and cell deletion conferred by vanilloid receptor 1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (14): 11021–11030. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008392200. hdl:2437/104771...
duocarmycin derivatives that have a hydroxyl group which is crucial for biologicalactivity. Using this technology scientists aim to create ADCs having an optimal...
regimen shows promise as a possible weekly oral regimen. Islatravir has activity against HIV in animal models, and is being studied clinically for HIV treatment...
binding proteins, where binding promotes biologicalactivity, the binding of IFNG to HS inhibits its biologicalactivity. The structural models shown in figures...
ISBN 9781284057560. "ethambutol (CHEBI:4877)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. 18 August 2010. Main...
the discovery of the potential for anti-cancer treatment. The main biologicalactivity of staurosporine is the inhibition of protein kinases through the...
international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biologicalactivity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar...
In addition to its toxicity, solenopsis has a number of other biologicalactivities. It inhibits angiogenesis in vitro via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase...
active ingredient is the ingredient in a formulation which invokes biologicalactivity. National laws usually require prepared food products to display...
This can happen spontaneously, as a result of chemical activity, radiation, or due to enzyme activity. The glycosidic linkages in DNA can be broken via acid-catalyzed...
includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Medicinal chemistry is...
Kazakhstan. Arglabin and its derivatives are biologically active and demonstrate promising antitumor activity and cytoxocity against varying tumor cell lines...
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