Molecule-specific coordinate bonding area in biological systems
Glucose binds to hexokinase in the active site at the beginning of glycolysis.
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity.[1] The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand.[2] Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction),[3] enzyme substrates,[4] second messengers, hormones, or allosteric modulators.[5] The binding event is often, but not always, accompanied by a conformational change that alters the protein's function.[6] Binding to protein binding sites is most often reversible (transient and non-covalent), but can also be covalent reversible[7] or irreversible.[8]
^"Binding site". Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). U.S. National Library of Medicine. The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
^"Ligands". Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). U.S. National Library of Medicine. A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule.
^Amos-Binks A, Patulea C, Pitre S, Schoenrock A, Gui Y, Green JR, Golshani A, Dehne F (June 2011). "Binding site prediction for protein-protein interactions and novel motif discovery using re-occurring polypeptide sequences". BMC Bioinformatics. 12: 225. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-225. PMC 3120708. PMID 21635751.
^Hardin CC, Knopp JA (2013). "Chapter 8: Enzymes". Biochemistry - Essential Concepts. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 51–69. ISBN 978-1-62870-176-0.
^Kenakin TP (April 2016). "Characteristics of Allosterism in Drug Action". In Bowery NG (ed.). Allosteric Receptor Modulation in Drug Targeting. CRC Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4200-1618-5.
^Spitzer R, Cleves AE, Varela R, Jain AN (April 2014). "Protein function annotation by local binding site surface similarity". Proteins. 82 (4): 679–94. doi:10.1002/prot.24450. PMC 3949165. PMID 24166661.
^Bandyopadhyay A, Gao J (October 2016). "Targeting biomolecules with reversible covalent chemistry". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 34: 110–116. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.011. PMC 5107367. PMID 27599186.
^Bellelli A, Carey J (January 2018). "Reversible Ligand Binding". Reversible Ligand Binding: Theory and Experiment. John Wiley & Sons. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-119-23848-5.
molecular biology, a bindingsite is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. The binding partner of the...
the substrate, the bindingsite, and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate, the catalytic site. Although the active site occupies only ~10–20%...
DNA bindingsites are a type of bindingsite found in DNA where other molecules may bind. DNA bindingsites are distinct from other bindingsites in that...
An NTP bindingsite is a type of bindingsite found in nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinases, N can be adenosine or guanosine. A P-loop is one of the...
immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-bindingsites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. The rest...
primer bindingsite is a region of a nucleotide sequence where an RNA or DNA single-stranded primer binds to start replication. The primer bindingsite is...
sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific...
than one bindingsite. Usually, when a ligand L binds with a macromolecule M, it can influence binding kinetics of other ligands L binding to the macromolecule...
by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the allosteric site or regulatory...
Activation of the receptor depends on glutamate binding, D-serine or glycine binding at its GluN1-linked bindingsite and AMPA receptor-mediated depolarization...
openers or blockers) will be designed that are complementary to the bindingsite of target. Small molecules (drugs) can be designed so as not to affect...
attached flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and the succinate bindingsite and SdhB contains three iron-sulfur clusters: [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S], and...
convulsants, but most GABAAR medicines also act at additional (allosteric) bindingsites on GABAAR proteins. Some sedatives and anxiolytics, such as benzodiazepines...
between the binding pocket and biotin. Secondly, there is an extensive network of hydrogen bonds formed to biotin when in the bindingsite. There are eight...
contains three RNA bindingsites, designated A, P, and E. The A-site binds an aminoacyl-tRNA or termination release factors; the P-site binds a peptidyl-tRNA...
the receptor changes the binding affinity of the second ligand molecule. The binding of ligand molecules to the different sites on the receptor molecule...
bindingsites for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), while a subset of GABAA receptor complexes also contain a single bindingsite for...
The ABC transporters, ATP synthase (ATP)-binding cassette transporters are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one...
mediate their effects by binding to the active site or to the allosteric site on a receptor, or they may interact at unique bindingsites not normally involved...
catalytic site. This catalytic site is located next to one or more bindingsites where residues orient the substrates. The catalytic site and bindingsite together...
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