Digital image taken with no exposure to capture sensor noise
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In digital photography, a bias frame is an image obtained from an opto-electronic image sensor, with no actual exposure time. The image so obtained only contains unwanted signal due to the electronics that elaborate the sensor data, and not unwanted signal from charge accumulation (e.g. from dark current) within the sensor itself.
A bias frame is complementary to a dark frame, which has a charge integration time but in darkness.
Since a dark frame contains unwanted signal including a fixed-pattern noise component, some of which corresponds to the bias frame, and some of which is due to dark current and is proportional to the exposure time, it is possible to obtain an image representing only the dark-current component by subtracting a bias frame from a dark frame. The resulting image allows obtaining an "artificial" dark frame when multiplied by a factor depending on exposure time and then added back to the bias frame. Although this technique is less accurate than shooting a dark frame for each specific exposure duration, it has the advantage of drastically reducing the time needed to obtain dark-frame data for dark frame subtraction.
In digital photography, a biasframe is an image obtained from an opto-electronic image sensor, with no actual exposure time. The image so obtained only...
information-processing). Gerd Gigerenzer has criticized the framing of cognitive biases as errors in judgment, and favors interpreting them as arising...
linguistic bias (encompassing linguistic intergroup bias, framingbias, epistemological bias, bias by semantic properties, and connotation bias), text-level...
frame. Cultural bias is the related phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards inherent to one's own culture. Numerous such biases...
Survivorship bias or survival bias is the logical error of concentrating on entities that passed a selection process while overlooking those that did...
Political bias is a bias or perceived bias involving the slanting or altering of information to make a political position or political candidate seem more...
example the framing effect where the same problem receives different responses depending on how it is described; or the distinction bias where choices...
avoid risk when a positive frame is presented but seek risks when a negative frame is presented. An overoptimistic probability bias, whereby after an investment...
In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter...
instances of biased news coverage in news articles. The automated approach imitates frame analysis by using natural language processing and media bias models...
A status quo bias is a cognitive bias which results from a preference for the maintenance of one's existing state of affairs. The current baseline (or...
begin with a start-of-frame (SOF) bit that denotes the start of the frame transmission. CAN has four frame types: Data frame: a frame containing node data...
the frame. It should be expected that sample frames, will always contain some mistakes. In some cases, this may lead to sampling bias. Such bias should...
Racial biases are a form of implicit bias, which refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect an individual's understanding, actions, and decisions...
Response bias is a general term for a wide range of tendencies for participants to respond inaccurately or falsely to questions. These biases are prevalent...
Optimism bias (or the optimistic bias) is a cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative...
such as institutions. Systemic bias is related to and overlaps conceptually with institutional bias and structural bias, and the terms are often used interchangeably...
translation from the original. In psychology, the framing effect (psychology) is an example of cognitive bias in which people react to a particular choice...
Claims of media bias generally focus on the idea of media outlets reporting news in a way that seems partisan. Other claims argue that outlets sometimes...
for example: removal of systematic noise – biasframe subtraction and flat-field correction dark frame subtraction optical correction – lens distortion...
obtained from a judgment sample are subject to some degree of bias, due to the sample's frame (i.e. the variables that define a population to be studied)...
this is called confirmation bias. Since the object of scientific research is the discovery of new phenomena, this bias can and has caused new discoveries...
Participation bias or non-response bias is a phenomenon in which the results of elections, studies, polls, etc. become non-representative because the...
poll. Coverage bias: Coverage bias can occur when population members do not appear in the sample frame (undercoverage). Coverage bias occurs when the...
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