1532 battle during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
Capture of Atahualpa
Part of the Spanish conquest of Peru
Painting by Juan Lepiani depicting the capture of Atahualpa in Cajamarca.
Date
November 16, 1532
Location
Cajamarca, Peru
Result
Spanish victory
Capture of Atahualpa
Fall of the Inca Empire
Belligerents
Spanish Empire
Incas faithful to Atahualpa
Commanders and leaders
Francisco Pizarro Hernando Pizarro Hernando de Soto
Atahualpa (POW)
Strength
106 infantry 62 cavalry four cannons 12 harquebuses[1]
3,000–8,000 guards[2]
Casualties and losses
1 slave dead;[3] one wounded
2,000 dead 7,000 taken prisoner
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Location within Peru
Show map of Peru
Battle of Cajamarca (South America)
Show map of South America
Battle of Cajamarca (America)
Show map of America
v
t
e
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
Major engagements
Punta Quemada
Puná
Cajamarca
Vilcaconga
1st Cusco
Maraycalla
Chimborazo
2nd Cusco
Ollantaytambo
Conflicts between conquistadors and rebellions
Abancay
Las Salinas
Chupas
Iñaquito
Huarina
Jaquijahuana
Chuquinga
End of the Neo-Inca state
Vilcabamba
The Battle of Cajamarca also spelled Cajamalca[4][5] (though many contemporary scholars prefer to call it Massacre of Cajamarca)[6][7][8] was the ambush and seizure of the Inca ruler Atahualpa by a small Spanish force led by Francisco Pizarro, on November 16, 1532. The Spanish killed thousands of Atahualpa's counselors, commanders, and unarmed attendants in the great plaza of Cajamarca, and caused his armed host outside the town to flee. The capture of Atahualpa marked the opening stage of the conquest of the pre-Columbian civilization of Peru.[9]
^MacQuarrie, Kim (2012). The Last Days of The Incas. Hachette. p. 70. ISBN 978-1405526074.
^Jared Diamond Guns, Germs And Steel, Random House 2013 (p. 76), states that the Inca personnel were purely Atahualpa's personal attendants and nobles, whereas John Michael Francis (2006, Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, v. 1, Santa Barbara, Ca.; ABC-CLIO, p. 322) states that they were "ceremonially armed guards".
^Most sources state that no Conquistadors were killed, while others state that five or fewer were killed.(Spencer C. Tucker, 2010, Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, Santa Barbara, Ca.; ABC-CLIO, p. 172.) Among modern sources stating categorically that no Spaniards were killed are (e.g.) Kim MacQuarrie, The Last Days of The Incas, Hachette publishing 2012, p. 84.
^Andagoya, Pascual de. "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila". The Hakluyt Society. p. 47. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via Wikisource.
^de Navarette, Martin Fernadez (1829). Viages menores, y los de Vespucio; Poblaciones en el Darien, suplemento al tomo II (in Spanish). pp. 428–.
^Delfino, Gianluca (2016). Time, History, and Philosophy in the Works of Wilson Harris. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-3-8382-6905-4.
^Roa-de-la-Carrera, Cristián A.; Sessions, Scott (2005). Histories of Infamy. University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-1-4571-0966-9.
^Tandeter, Enrique (2014). La sociedad colonial: Nueva Historia Argentina (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina. ISBN 978-950-07-4895-7.
^"Battle of Cajamarca | Summary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
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