Global InformationEcuador information
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Republic of Ecuador República del Ecuador (Spanish) | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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Motto:
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| Anthem: Salve, Oh Patria (Spanish) (English: "Hail, Oh Homeland") | |
 Location of Ecuador (dark green) | |
| Capital and largest city | Quito[1] 00°13′12″S 78°30′43″W / 0.22000°S 78.51194°W |
| Official languages | Spanish[2] |
| Recognized regional languages | Kichwa (Quechua), Shuar and others "are in official use for indigenous peoples"[3] |
| Ethnic groups (2010[4]) |
|
| Religion (2020)[5] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Ecuadorian |
| Government | Unitary presidential republic |
• President | Guillermo Lasso |
• Vice President | Alfredo Borrero |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| Independence | |
• Declared | 10 August 1809 |
• from Spain | 24 May 1822 |
• from Gran Colombia | 13 May 1830 |
• Recognized by Spain | 16 February 1840[6] |
• Liberal Revolution | 5 June 1895 |
• Current constitution | 28 September 2008 |
| Area | |
• Total | 283,561 km2 (109,484 sq mi)[7] (73rd) |
• Water (%) | 5 |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 17,483,326[8] (70th) |
• 2022 census | 18,048,628[9] |
• Density | 69/km2 (178.7/sq mi) (148th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total |  $229.815
billion[10] (68th) |
• Per capita | $12,763
[10] (109th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $115.479 billion
[10] (63rd) |
• Per capita | $6,413[10] (95th) |
| Gini (2020) |  47.3[11]high |
| HDI (2021) |  0.740[12]high · 95th |
| Currency | United States dollarb (USD) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 / −6 (ECT / GALT) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +593 |
| ISO 3166 code | EC |
| Internet TLD | .ec |
| |
Ecuador (/ˈɛkwədɔːr/ ⓘ EK-wə-dor; Spanish pronunciation: [ekwaˈðoɾ] ⓘ; Quechua: Ikwayur; Shuar: Ecuador or Ekuatur),[13][14] officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: Ikwayur Ripuwlika; Shuar: Ekuatur Nunka),[15][16] is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's capital is Quito and its largest city is Guayaquil.
The territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of Indigenous groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century. The territory was colonized by Spain during the 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia, from which it emerged as its own sovereign state in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 17.8 million people being mestizos, followed by large minorities of Europeans, Native American, African, and Asian descendants. Spanish is the official language and is spoken by a majority of the population, though 13 Native languages are also recognized, including Quechua and Shuar.
The sovereign state of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic and a developing country[17] whose economy is highly dependent on exports of commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. It is governed as a democratic presidential republic. The country is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States, Mercosur, PROSUR, and the Non-Aligned Movement. According to the Center for Economic and Policy Research, between 2006 and 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth was 1.5 percent (as compared to 0.6 percent over the prior two decades). At the same time, the country's Gini index of economic inequality decreased from 0.55 to 0.47.[18]
One of 17 megadiverse countries in the world,[19][20] Ecuador hosts many endemic plants and animals, such as those of the Galápagos Islands. In recognition of its unique ecological heritage, the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights.[21]
- ^ "Proyecciones Poblacionales". (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
CIAwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador". Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ethnwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Religion affiliations in Ecuador 2020".
- ^ España (1 January 1841). "Tratado de paz y amistad celebrado entre España y la República del Ecuador: en 16 de febrero de 1840". en la Imprenta Nacional. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Ecuador". Central Intelligence Agency. 27 February 2023 – via CIA.gov.
- ^ "Ecuador". The World Factbook (2023 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ "Inicio". www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, 30 November 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ^ "Constitución de la República del Ecuador en Shuar". Issuu. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ^ "¡Iniuri seamkur!, Ayamrumamu nuyá Iniankasrik Ayamruma Papi" (PDF). INREDH. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ^ "Chicham atiakur metek atin turakur, pénke takakainiachu tuke enentaimtusartiniaitji" (PDF). (in Shuar). Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2019.
- ^ Pellizzaro, Siro M.; Nàwech, Fàusto Oswaldo (2003). Chicham: Dictionario Enciclopédico Shuar-Castellano. Wea Nekaptai.
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ^ "Decade of Reform: Ecuador's Macroeconomic Policies, Institutional Changes, and Results" (PDF). Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "South America Banks on Regional Strategy to Safeguard Quarter of Earth's Biodiversity". Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Conservation.org (16 September 2003). - ^ "Oficialmente Ecuador es el país de las orquídeas- Noticias de Cuenca – Azuay – Ecuador – Eltiempo de Cuenca". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
- ^ "Ecuador Adopts New Constitution – With CELDF RIGHTS of NATURE Language". Archived from the original on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund. Retrieved 7 September 2009.