Painless soft swelling at one side of the vaginal opening[2]
Usual onset
Typically in the 50s[3]
Causes
Unknown[2]
Frequency
Rare, <1% of all female genital tract cancer, <5% of vulvar cancer[2]
Bartholin gland carcinoma is a type of cancer of the vulva arising in the Bartholin gland.[2] It typically presents with a painless mass at one side of the vaginal opening in a female of middle-age and older, and can appear similar to a Bartholin cyst.[2] The mass may be big or small, may be deep under skin or appear nearer the surface with overlying ulceration.[2] Average age at presentation is 53-years.[3]
The tumor can become large before a woman is aware of symptoms. One of the first symptoms can be painful sex. In other instances there may be a mass or ulcer in the vulva area. Many clinicians assume that an enlarged Bartholin gland is malignant in postmenopausal woman until proven otherwise. The growth of the tumor can spread to nearby areas such as the ischiorectal fossa and inguinal lymph nodes. Approximately 50% of bartholin gland carcinomas originate from squamous cell carcinomas. Another uncommon characteristic of Bartholin gland malignancies is that the growth of a lesion originates from the three types of epithelial tissue present in the gland: mucinous, transitional, and squamous.[4]
It is rare, accounts for less than 1% of all female genital tract cancer and less than 5% of all vulva cancer.[2]
^ abcdefgWHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "10. Tumours of the vulva: Bartholin gland carcinoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 442. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9.
^ abBroach, Vance; Lawson, Barrett (2022). "Chapter 18 - Bartholin gland carcinomas". In Frumovitz, Michael; Leitao, Mario M. Jr.; Preetha, Ramalingam (eds.). Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecologic Cancers. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 305–314. ISBN 978-0-323-82938-0.
^Cite error: The named reference HellerBean2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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