Vulvar cancer is a cancer of the vulva, the outer portion of the female genitals.[1] It most commonly affects the labia majora.[1] Less often, the labia minora, clitoris, or Bartholin's glands are affected.[1] Symptoms include a lump, itchiness, changes in the skin, or bleeding from the vulva.[1]
Risk factors include vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), HPV infection, genital warts, smoking, and many sexual partners.[1][3] Most vulvar cancers are squamous cell cancers.[4] Other types include adenocarcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma, and basal cell carcinoma.[3] Diagnosis is suspected based on physical examination and confirmed by tissue biopsy.[1] Routine screening is not recommended.[3]
Prevention may include HPV vaccination.[5] Standard treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy.[1] Vulvar cancer newly affected about 44,200 people and resulted in 15,200 deaths globally in 2018.[6] In the United States, it newly occurred in about 6,070 people with 1,280 deaths a year.[2] Onset is typically after the age of 45.[2] The five-year survival rate for vulvar cancer is around 71% as of 2015.[2] Outcomes, however, are affected by whether spread has occurred to lymph nodes.[4]
^ abcdefghijk"Vulvar Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
^ abcde"Cancer of the Vulva—Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
^ abcdeSam A, George J, Mathew B (April 2019). "Less Common Gynecologic Malignancies: An Integrative Review". Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 35 (2): 175–181. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2019.02.004. PMID 30867101. S2CID 76665631.
^ abc"Vulvar Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
^ abSignorelli C, Odone A, Ciorba V, Cella P, Audisio RA, Lombardi A, et al. (July 2017). "Human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine for cancer prevention: a systematic review of the available evidence". Epidemiology and Infection. 145 (10): 1962–1982. doi:10.1017/S0950268817000747. PMC 5974698. PMID 28446260.
Vulvarcancer is a cancer of the vulva, the outer portion of the female genitals. It most commonly affects the labia majora. Less often, the labia minora...
has a direct impact on the medical treatment of vulvar melanomas. Signs and symptoms of vulvarcancer can include: itching, or bleeding; skin changes...
focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvarcancer. As specialists...
vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvarcancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive...
prevented by vulvovaginal health maintenance. Vulvarcancer accounts for about 5% of all gynecological cancers and typically affects women in later life....
cell carcinoma. In women, it has been reported that 33.6 times higher vulvarcancer risk is associated with LS. A study in men reported that "The reported...
levels of c-Jun tested higher in Vulvarcancer samples when compared with those of normal skin and preneoplastic vulvar lesions, thus underscoring a cross-link...
major cause of cervical cancer, vulvarcancer, vaginal cancer, penis cancer, anal cancer, and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Most viral warts are caused...
benign or malignant (vulvarcancer). Vulvar neoplasms are divided into cystic or solid lesions and other mixed types. Vulvarcancers are those malignant...
Previous history of cervical cancer Smoking Chronic vulvar itching or burning There are two primary types of vaginal cancer: squamous-cell carcinoma and...
main types of gynecologic cancer include cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvarcancer. For patients with these...
levels of TP63 tested higher in Vulvarcancer samples when compared with those of normal skin and preneoplastic vulvar lesions, thus underscoring an epigenetic...
lymph nodes, or both. Vaginal cancer and vulvarcancer are very rare, and primarily affect older women. Cervical cancer (which is relatively common) increases...
is usually performed as a last resort in certain cases of cancer, vulvar dysplasia, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or as part of female genital mutilation...
in Denmark. Male breast cancer Testicular cancer Urethral cancerVulvarcancer "Penile Cancer Factsheet" (PDF). Global Cancer Observatory. Retrieved 7...
of vulvarcancer." A Danish study found the reverse, that alcohol consumption is significantly associated with VV-SCCvagina and VV-SCCvulva cancer. A...
National Vulvodynia Association. Retrieved 29 January 2019. "VulvarCancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019. Munarriz...
melanoma, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, vulvarcancer and esophageal cancer. p16 was discovered in 1993. It is a protein with 148...
treat basal cell skin cancer and the very early stages of others like cervical, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and non-small cell lung cancer. It is often combined...
cervical cancer. It is estimated that HPV vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvarcancer, and...
indicate an infection, or spread as a metastasis from cancers, such as anal cancer and vulvarcancer. Inguinal lymph nodes may normally be up to 2 cm. The...
major cause of cervical cancer, vulvarcancer, vaginal cancer, penis cancer, anal cancer, and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. There are nearly 200 distinct...
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) refers to particular changes that can occur in the skin that covers the vulva. VIN is an intraepithelial neoplasia...
Endometrial Cancer Vaginal Cancer VulvarCancer Roswell Park offers specialized treatments, services and therapies to treat cancer, as well as services to support...
cervical cancer and some forms of anal cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvarcancer, penile cancer, rectal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer. Men with cancer are twice...
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