Average and total utilitarianism (also called averagism[1] and totalism)[1] are variants of utilitarianism that seek to maximize the average or total amount of utility; following Henry Sidgwick's question, "Is it total or average happiness that we seek to make a maximum?".[2] They are theories of population ethics, a philosophical field that deals with problems arising when our actions affect the number or identity of individuals born in the future.
^ abThe Nonidentity Problem. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2022.
^Sidgwick, Henry (January 1981). Methods of Ethics. Hackett Publishing Co, Inc; 7th Revised edition. p. xxxvi.
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averageutilitarianismandtotalutilitarianism. He formulates averageutilitarianism in two ways. One is what Parfit calls the "Impersonal Average Principle"...
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relative utilitarianism has been analyzed by Cao (1982), Dhillon (1998), Karni (1998), Dhillon and Mertens (1999), Segal (2000), Sobel (2001) and Pivato...
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elections. Voters give each candidate a numerical score, and the candidate with the highest average score is elected. Score voting includes the well-known...
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