British philosopher and political economist (1806–1873)
"Stuart Mill" redirects here. For the town in Australia, see Stuart Mill, Victoria.
John Stuart Mill
1873 portrait by George Frederic Watts
Member of Parliament for City of Westminster
In office 25 July 1865 – 17 November 1868
Serving with Robert Grosvenor
Preceded by
De Lacy Evans
Succeeded by
William Henry Smith
Personal details
Born
(1806-05-20)20 May 1806 Pentonville, Middlesex, England
Died
8 May 1873(1873-05-08) (aged 66) Avignon, Vaucluse, France
Political party
Liberal
Spouse
Harriet Taylor
(m. 1851; died 1858)
Parents
James Mill (father)
Harriet Barrow (mother)
Alma mater
University College London
Philosophy career
Era
19th-century philosophy
Classical economics
Region
Western philosophy
School
Empiricism
Utilitarianism
Consequentialism
Psychologism
Classical liberalism
Main interests
Economics
ethics
logic
politics
Notable ideas
Public/private sphere
social liberty
hierarchy of pleasures in utilitarianism
rule utilitarianism
classical liberalism
early liberal feminism
harm principle
Mill's Methods
direct reference theory
Millian theory of proper names
emergentism
Signature
Part of a series on
Utilitarianism
Predecessors
Mozi
Śāntideva
David Hume
Claude Adrien Helvétius
Cesare Beccaria
William Godwin
Francis Hutcheson
William Paley
Key proponents
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
Henry Sidgwick
R. M. Hare
Peter Singer
Types of utilitarianism
Negative
Rule
Act
Two-level
Total
Average
Preference
Classical
Key concepts
Pain
Suffering
Pleasure
Utility
Happiness
Eudaimonia
Consequentialism
Equal consideration
Felicific calculus
Utilitarian social choice rule
Problems
Demandingness objection
Mere addition paradox
Paradox of hedonism
Replaceability argument
Utility monster
Related topics
Rational choice theory
Game theory
Neoclassical economics
Population ethics
Effective altruism
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Austerity
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Free market
Goods and services
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Visible hand
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John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873)[1] was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy. Dubbed "the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century" by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,[2] he conceived of liberty as justifying the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control.[3]
Mill was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by his predecessor Jeremy Bentham. He contributed to the investigation of scientific methodology, though his knowledge of the topic was based on the writings of others, notably William Whewell, John Herschel, and Auguste Comte, and research carried out for Mill by Alexander Bain. He engaged in written debate with Whewell.[4]
A member of the Liberal Party and author of the early feminist work The Subjection of Women, Mill was also the second member of Parliament to call for women's suffrage after Henry Hunt in 1832.[5][6]
^Thouverez, Emile. 1908. Stuart Mill (4th ed.) Paris: Bloud & Cie. p. 23.
^Macleod, Christopher (14 November 2017). "John Stuart Mill". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 6 March 2024.
^"John Stuart Mill's On Liberty". victorianweb. 6 November 2000. Retrieved 23 July 2009. On Liberty is a rational justification of the freedom of the individual in opposition to the claims of the state to impose unlimited control and is thus a defence of the rights of the individual against the state.
^Macleod, Christopher. "John Stuart Mill". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
^"Orator Hunt and the first suffrage petition 1832". UK Parliament.
^"John Stuart Mill and the 1866 petition". UK Parliament.
JohnStuartMill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant. One of the most influential...
Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill. Several pieces can also be found in The Collected Works of JohnStuartMill, especially volume XXI. Harriet Hardy...
Question". The essay was the spark of a debate between Carlyle and JohnStuartMill. It was in this essay that Carlyle first introduced the phrase "the...
between connotation and denotation, which originates with JohnStuartMill. According to Mill, a common term like 'white' denotes all white things, as...
philosopher JohnStuartMill was one of the earliest modern advocates of a direct reference theory beginning in 1843. In his A System of Logic Mill introduced...
were firmly in place across the industrialized world. Thinkers like JohnStuartMill and Karl Marx began to theorize about the economic functions and power-structures...
and Susan B. Anthony, this movement expanded into Europe. In 1869, JohnStuartMill published The Subjection of Women, in which he argued that equality...
their splendid and costly furniture. In his essay Utilitarianism, JohnStuartMill writes about greed for money that: the love of money is not only one...
make a coherent argument for an obligation of rulers to the ruled. JohnStuartMill: A utilitarian, and the person who named the system; he goes further...
The JohnStuartMill Institute is a non-governmental, Heidelberg-based research institute founded in 2009 and named after JohnStuartMill, an influential...
substantially modified by his successor JohnStuartMill, who popularized the term utilitarianism. In 1861, Mill acknowledged in a footnote that, though...
pleasures while deliberately seeking them has been variously described: JohnStuartMill, the utilitarian philosopher, in his autobiography: But I now thought...
by the English philosopher JohnStuartMill. It applied Mill's ethical system of utilitarianism to society and state. Mill suggested standards for the...
economist and civil servant JohnStuartMill published in 1869, with ideas he developed jointly with his wife Harriet Taylor Mill. Mill submitted the finished...
in British and Italian politics. Its seminal ideas can be traced to JohnStuartMill, who theorised that capitalist societies should experience a gradual...
ISBN 978-0-8264-5173-6. Mill, JohnStuart (2006). On Liberty. Penguin Classics. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-14-144147-4. Mill, JohnStuart (2006). On Liberty. Penguin...
justified under the pretext of a right of necessity (casus necessitatis)". JohnStuartMill believed in a morally justifiable form of right to revolution against...
must be taken into account. Other proponents, like JohnStuartMill, argue a qualitative approach. Mill believed that there can be different levels of pleasure—higher...
individuals should be limited only to prevent harm to other individuals. JohnStuartMill articulated the principle in the 1859 essay On Liberty, where he argued...
context of societal and/or political realms and references. Some such as JohnStuartMill think paternalism can be appropriate towards children, saying: "It...
Considerations on Representative Government is a book by JohnStuartMill published in 1861. Mill argues for representative government, the ideal form of...
class conflict. In his Considerations on Representative Government, JohnStuartMill observed the complete marginalisation of workmen's voices in Parliament...
English philosopher JohnStuartMill. In this work, he formulated the five principles of inductive reasoning that are known as Mill's Methods. This work...