New Testament works attributed to John the Apostle
Part of a series of articles on
John in the Bible
Saint John the Evangelist, Domenichino
Johannine literature
Gospel
Epistles
First
Second
Third
Revelation
Events
Authorship
Apostle
Beloved disciple
Evangelist
Patmos
Presbyter
Related literature
Apocryphon
Acts
Signs Gospel
See also
Johannine community
Logos
Holy Spirit in Johannine literature
John's vision of the Son of Man
New Testament people named John
v
t
e
The authorship of the Johannine works (the Gospel of John, the Johannine epistles, and the Book of Revelation) has been debated by biblical scholars since at least the 2nd century AD.[1] The debate focuses mainly on the identity of the author(s), as well as the date and location of authorship of these writings.
Although authorship of all of these works has traditionally been attributed to John the Apostle,[2] only a minority of contemporary scholars believe he wrote the gospel,[3] and most conclude that he wrote none of them.[2][4][5] Although some scholars conclude the author of the epistles was different from that of the gospel, most scholars agree that all three epistles are written by the same author [6][7][8] or school of thought.[9]
With respect to the date and location of authorship of these writings, there is general agreement that all four works probably originated from the same Johannine community.[10] That community is traditionally and plausibly either attributed to Ephesus or Damascus, circa AD 90-110.[11]
In the case of Revelation, many modern scholars agree that it was written by a separate author, John of Patmos, c. 95 with some parts possibly dating to Nero's reign in the early 60s.[2][12]
^F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
^ abcCite error: The named reference harris was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lindars, Edwards & Court 2000, p. 41.
^Cite error: The named reference Kelly2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Harris, Stephen L. (1980). Understanding the Bible: A Reader's Guide and Reference. Mayfield Publishing Company. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-87484-472-6. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^Kruger, Michael J. (30 April 2012). Canon Revisited: Establishing the Origins and Authority of the New Testament Books. Crossway. p. 272. ISBN 9781433530814.
^Brown, Raymond E. (1988). The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary. Liturgical Press. p. 105. ISBN 9780814612835.
^Marshall, I. Howard (14 July 1978). The Epistles of John. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 9781467422321.
^Méndez, Hugo (1 March 2020). "Did the Johannine Community Exist?". Journal for the Study of the New Testament. 42 (3): 350–374. doi:10.1177/0142064X19890490. S2CID 216330794.
^Ehrman, pp. 178–9.
^Brown, Raymond E. (1997). Introduction to the New Testament. New York: Anchor Bible. p. 334. ISBN 0-385-24767-2.
^Ehrman, Bart D. (2004). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. New York: Oxford. p. 468. ISBN 0-19-515462-2.
and 29 Related for: Authorship of the Johannine works information
TheauthorshipoftheJohannineworks (the Gospel of John, theJohannine epistles, and the Book of Revelation) has been debated by biblical scholars since...
John the Evangelist with John the Presbyter. TheauthorshipoftheJohannineworks has been debated by scholars since at least the 2nd century AD. The main...
there is no consensus as to the identity of this person or group. (See AuthorshipoftheJohannineworks.) The language of this epistle is remarkably similar...
John the Evangelist, John the Elder, and John of Patmos. Although theauthorshipoftheJohannineworks has traditionally been attributed to John the Apostle...
TheJohannine epistles, the Epistles of John, or the Letters of John are the First Epistle of John, the Second Epistle of John, and the Third Epistle...
Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, or to the Johannine...
that the Book of Revelation was written by John of Patmos (neither John the Apostle, nor John the Evangelist). AuthorshipoftheJohannineworks Pseudo-John...
The term Johannine community refers to an ancient Christian community which placed great emphasis on the teachings of Jesus and his apostle John. Their...
Mosaic authorship is the Judeo-Christian tradition that the Torah, the first five books ofthe Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, were dictated by God to Moses...
and 80 AD. In the latter case, the possible location oftheauthorship could have been within the church of Ephesus itself. Ignatius of Antioch seemed...
early lists of his canonical works. Modern scholars who support Pauline authorship nevertheless stress their importance regarding the question of authenticity:...
figure. (see: AuthorshipoftheJohannineworks). Two ofthe letters claim to have been written by Simon Peter, one ofthe Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Therefore...
Matthew. AuthorshipoftheJohannineworks Chronology of Jesus Egerton Gospel Farewell Discourse Free Grace theology Gospel harmony Last Gospel List of Bible...
The link between James the brother of Jesus and the epistle continued to strengthen, and is now considered the traditional view on theauthorshipof the...
the original text probably said." In the past, a small number of scholars have questioned Paul's authorshipof Galatians, such as Bruno Bauer, Abraham...
Among those who favor theauthorshipofthe Jude mentioned in the gospels, the letter is generally placed before the destruction ofthe Temple in Jerusalem...
a number of scholars still defend the traditional authorshipof 2 Timothy. Most modern critical scholars argue that 2 Timothy, as well as the other two...
more of Peter's followers in Ancient Rome, using Peter as a pseudonym) Scholars estimate the date ofauthorship anywhere from 60 to 150 AD. The original...
undisputed works. Advocates of Pauline authorship defend the differences that there are between elements in this letter and those commonly considered the genuine...
near-consensus that John had its origins as the hypothetical Signs Gospel thought to have been circulated within a Johannine community. Many non-canonical gospels...
prophet of their own, said, 'Cretans are always liars'." Authorshipofthe Pauline epistles Faithful saying Textual variants in the Epistle to Titus The book...