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Time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram. The red line shows the cooling curve for austempering.
Austempering is heat treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most notably steel and ductile iron. In steel it produces a bainite microstructure whereas in cast irons it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high carbon, stabilized austenite known as ausferrite. It is primarily used to improve mechanical properties or reduce / eliminate distortion. Austempering is defined by both the process and the resultant microstructure. Typical austempering process parameters applied to an unsuitable material will not result in the formation of bainite or ausferrite and thus the final product will not be called austempered. Both microstructures may also be produced via other methods. For example, they may be produced as-cast or air cooled with the proper alloy content. These materials are also not referred to as austempered.
reduce / eliminate distortion. Austempering is defined by both the process and the resultant microstructure. Typical austempering process parameters applied...
produces a more uniform distribution of austempered structure. The carbon content in austenite as a function of austempering time has been established. As austenite...
treatment. While conventional ductile iron was discovered in 1943 and the austempering process had been around since the 1930s, the combination of the two technologies...
temperatures and times are carefully chosen for each composition. Austempering The austempering process is the same as martempering, except the quench is interrupted...
process is that the large section cannot be heat treated by this process. Austempering Tempering (metallurgy) Abbasi, F.; Fletcher, A. J.; Soomro, A. B. (1987)...
Porta in his 1558 Magia Naturalis. Quench press Tempering Martempering Austempering Hardening (metallurgy) "Quenching and tempering of steel". tec-science...
component of mischmetal, has also been studied as a possible nodulizer. Austempered ductile iron (ADI; i.e., austenite tempered) was discovered in the 1950s...
bainite can form or internal stresses can be relieved. These include austempering and martempering. Steel that has been freshly ground or polished will...
temperatures only), and titanium. Austempered iron is also susceptible, though austempered steel (and possibly other austempered metals) displays increased resistance...
alloy carbon steels Normalizing: iron and steel Sintering: powder metals Austempering: ductile iron It is relatively simple to operate and maintain endothermic...
"UniWagon opens subsidiary in the US". "UWC launches bulk production of austempered ductile iron". "UWC launches bulk production of ADI for railcar wear...
October 2016, Tikhvin Freight Car Building Plant started to manufacture austempered ductile iron parts. The current production capacity stands at 30,000...
Foundry Technology Education Center, rotary furnaces, ceramic kiln, Austempered Ductile Iron Technology and Carbo-Nitriding Strengthening of Ferrous...
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