Linguistic varieties with evidence of having existed
In linguistics, attested languages are languages (living or dead) that have been documented and for which the evidence (“attestation”) has survived to the present day. Evidence may be recordings, transcriptions, literature or inscriptions. In contrast, unattested languages may be names of purported languages for which no direct evidence exists, languages for which all evidence has been lost, or hypothetical proto-languages proposed in linguistic reconstruction.[1]
Within an attested language, particular word forms directly known to have been used (because they appear in the literature, inscriptions or documented speech) are called attested forms. They contrast with unattested forms, which are reconstructions hypothesised to have been used based on indirect evidence (such as etymological patterns). In linguistic texts, unattested forms are commonly marked with a preceding asterisk (*).[2]
^Baxter, William Hubbard (1992). A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 24. ISBN 9783110123241.
^Fortson, Benjamin W. IV (2011-09-07). Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781444359688.
In linguistics, attestedlanguages are languages (living or dead) that have been documented and for which the evidence (“attestation”) has survived to...
The Thracian language (/ˈθreɪʃən/) is an extinct and poorly attestedlanguage, spoken in ancient times in Southeast Europe by the Thracians. The linguistic...
relationships between languages are not directly attested. For instance, the Romance languages and the North Germanic languages are also related to each...
parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. The language, now long extinct, is attested in cuneiform, in records dating from the 17th (Anitta text)...
Romance, languages. As a Germanic language, Gothic is a part of the Indo-European language family. It is the earliest Germanic language that is attested in...
CE). The two directly-attested Old Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the Achaemenid Empire) and Old Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Of the...
Levant respectively. The only earlier attestedlanguages are Sumerian and Elamite (2800 BCE to 550 BCE), both language isolates, and Egyptian (c. 3000 BCE)...
preserved. Many extinct languages are very poorly attested, which may lead to them being considered unclassified languages instead of language isolates. This occurs...
Turkey. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which is considered the earliest-attested Indo-European language. Undiscovered until the late 19th...
the language of ancient Sumer. It is one of the oldest attestedlanguages, dating back to at least 2900 BC. It is accepted to be a local language isolate...
Euphrates as "Land of the Hatti" (Khatti). The heartland of the oldest attestedlanguage of Anatolia, before the arrival of Hittite-speakers, ranged from Hattusa...
languages, and in 1994 there were two speakers of Lake Miwok. The best attestedlanguage is Southern Sierra Miwok, from which the name Yosemite originates...
The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC)...
language, are written with different alphabets and upon different materials, and have different geographical distributions. Old Phrygian is attested in...
includes many other languages such as Kurdish, Old Azeri, Talysh, Gilaki, Mazandarani, Zaza–Gorani and Baluchi. Median is attested only by numerous loanwords...
Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is first attested in writing from 1826. Hello, with that spelling, was used in publications...
Mesha Stele and El-Kerak Stela. Other possible Canaanite languages: Philistine language – attested by several dozen inscriptions in Phoenician script scattered...
East Semitic languages are one of three divisions of the Semitic languages. The East Semitic group is attested by three distinct languages, Akkadian, Eblaite...
Luvia) – the name of the region in which the Luwians lived. Luwiya is attested, for example, in the Hittite laws. The two varieties of Proto-Luwian or...
As no inscriptions or whole sentences in the Hunnic language have been preserved, the attested corpus is very limited, consisting almost entirely of...
Baenán, Baena) is a poorly attestedlanguage of Brazil. The last remaining speaker lived in Bahia, Brazil in 1940. The language of this speaker was associated...
Global Information