System for specifying positions of celestial objects
Orientation of astronomical coordinates
A star's galactic, ecliptic, and equatorial coordinates, as projected on the celestial sphere. Ecliptic and equatorial coordinates share the March equinox as the primary direction, and galactic coordinates are referred to the galactic center. The origin of coordinates (the "center of the sphere") is ambiguous; see celestial sphere for more information.
In astronomy, coordinate systems are used for specifying positions of celestial objects (satellites, planets, stars, galaxies, etc.) relative to a given reference frame, based on physical reference points available to a situated observer (e.g. the true horizon and north to an observer on Earth's surface).[1] Coordinate systems in astronomy can specify an object's position in three-dimensional space or plot merely its direction on a celestial sphere, if the object's distance is unknown or trivial.
Spherical coordinates, projected on the celestial sphere, are analogous to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of Earth. These differ in their choice of fundamental plane, which divides the celestial sphere into two equal hemispheres along a great circle. Rectangular coordinates, in appropriate units, have the same fundamental (x, y) plane and primary (x-axis) direction, such as an axis of rotation. Each coordinate system is named after its choice of fundamental plane.
^Kanas, Nick (2021). "Star and Solar System Maps: A History of Celestial Cartography". Research Notes of the AAS. 5 (4). American Astronomical Society: 69. Bibcode:2021RNAAS...5...69K. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/abf35c. S2CID 233522547.
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coordinatesystem is named after its choice of fundamental plane. The following table lists the common coordinatesystems in use by the astronomical community...
degrees (°). The first galactic coordinatesystem was used by William Herschel in 1785. A number of different coordinatesystems, each differing by a few degrees...
The equatorial coordinatesystem is a celestial coordinatesystem widely used to specify the positions of celestial objects. It may be implemented in spherical...
In astronomy, the ecliptic coordinatesystem is a celestial coordinatesystem commonly used for representing the apparent positions, orbits, and pole orientations...
geographic, geodetic, and the geocentric coordinatesystems for planets other than Earth. Similar coordinatesystems are defined for other solid celestial...
various galaxies defined in 1976 the equator of the supergalactic coordinatesystem de Vaucouleurs developed. In years thereafter with more observation...
coordinatesystems are used to identify locations on the Sun's surface. The two most commonly used systems are the Stonyhurst and Carrington systems....
Besides the equatorial and ecliptic systems, some other celestial coordinatesystems, like the galactic coordinatesystem, are more appropriate for particular...
Planetary coordinate systems use formulations analogous to the geographic coordinatesystem. A series of astronomicalcoordinatesystems are used to measure...
International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) is the current standard celestial reference system adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Its origin...
points to help positioning a planet within this ecliptic coordinatesystem. In Babylonian astronomical diaries, a planet position was generally given with...
is an important reference plane and is the basis of the ecliptic coordinatesystem. The ecliptic is the apparent path of the Sun throughout the course...
Way Galaxy. In actual astronomical practice, the delineation of the galactic quadrants is based upon the galactic coordinatesystem, which places the Sun...
celestial reference system (BCRS) is a coordinatesystem used in astrometry to specify the location and motions of astronomical objects. It was created...
southern), used as a reference point in celestial coordinatesystems. In diagrams using such coordinatesystems, it is often indicated with the symbol ♈︎. Named...
poles of astronomical bodies are determined based on their axis of rotation in relation to the celestial poles of the celestial sphere. Astronomical bodies...
declination, these astronomical coordinates specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinatesystem. An old term, right...
M. Nautical Almanac Office (2008). "Time Scales and CoordinateSystems, 2010". The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 2010. U.S. Govt. Printing Office...
principles from physics and chemistry to describe and explain astronomical objects and astronomical phenomena. Theorists in astronomy endeavor to create theoretical...
year zero in both the astronomical year numbering system (where it coincides with the Julian year 1 BC), and the ISO 8601:2004 system, the interchange standard...
in the South Atlantic ocean and published by him in 1678. Astronomicalcoordinatesystems Celestial spheres Northern celestial hemisphere David Ellyard...
spacetime coordinatesystem relative to an implied observer. In many (but not all) coordinatesystems, an event is specified by one time coordinate and three...
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