Temporal range: Late Miocene - Early Pliocene, 5.77–4.4 Ma
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Ardipithecus ramidus specimen, nicknamed Ardi
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Primates
Suborder:
Haplorhini
Infraorder:
Simiiformes
Family:
Hominidae
Subfamily:
Homininae
Tribe:
Hominini
Subtribe:
Hominina
Genus:
†Ardipithecus White et al., 1995
Species
†Ardipithecus kadabba
†Ardipithecus ramidus
Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene epochs in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Originally described as one of the earliest ancestors of humans after they diverged from the chimpanzees, the relation of this genus to human ancestors and whether it is a hominin is now a matter of debate.[1] Two fossil species are described in the literature: A. ramidus, which lived about 4.4 million years ago[2] during the early Pliocene, and A. kadabba, dated to approximately 5.6 million years ago (late Miocene).[3] Initial behavioral analysis indicated that Ardipithecus could be very similar to chimpanzees,[1] however more recent analysis based on canine size and lack of canine sexual dimorphism indicates that Ardipithecus was characterised by reduced aggression,[4] and that they more closely resemble bonobos.[5]
Some analyses describe Australopithecus as being sister to Ardipithecus ramidus specifically.[6] This means that Australopithecus is distinctly closer related to Ardipithecus ramidus than Ardipithecus kadabba. Cladistically, then, Australopithecus (and eventually Homo sapiens) indeed emerged within the Ardipithecus lineage, and this lineage is not literally extinct.
^ abStanford, Craig B. (2012). "Chimpanzees and the Behavior of Ardipithecus ramidus". Annual Review of Anthropology. 41: 139–49. doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145724. SSRN 2158257.
^Perlman, David (July 12, 2001). "Fossils From Ethiopia May Be Earliest Human Ancestor". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on July 15, 2001. Retrieved March 18, 2017. Another co-author is Tim D. White, a paleoanthropologist at UC-Berkeley who in 1994 discovered a pre-human fossil, named Ardipithecus ramidus, that was then the oldest known, at 4.4 million years.
^Cite error: The named reference AndThePaleobiology was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Wilson, Clare (29 November 2021). "Canine teeth shrank in human ancestors at least 4.5 million years ago". New Scientist. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
^Suwa, Gen; Sasaki, Tomohiko; Semaw, Sileshi; Rogers, Michael J.; Simpson, Scott W.; Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Nakatsukasa, Masato; Kono, Reiko T.; Zhang, Yingqi; Beyene, Yonas; Asfaw, Berhane; White, Tim D. (2021-12-07). "Canine sexual dimorphism in Ardipithecus ramidus was nearly human-like". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (49). doi:10.1073/pnas.2116630118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8670482. PMID 34853174.
^Pugh, Kelsey (February 2020). The Phylogenetic Relationships of Middle-Late Miocene Apes: Implications for Early Human Evolution (Thesis).
sister to Ardipithecus ramidus specifically. This means that Australopithecus is distinctly closer related to Ardipithecus ramidus than Ardipithecus kadabba...
the direct ancestor of A. ramidus, making Ardipithecus a chronospecies. The exact affinities of Ardipithecus have been debated. White, in 1994, considered...
based on the argument that Ardipithecus kadabba had more "primitive" features than other Ardipithecus fossils. Ardipithecus kadabba thus also has a greater...
Willow released her first album Ardipithecus on December 11. About her debut album's title, Willow said "Ardipithecus Ramidus [sic] Sahelanthropus tchadensis...
the bipedality of Ardipithecus ramidus, because all five toes do not line up. The remains of the foot from Ardi and other Ardipithecus ramidus specimens...
such as Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Ardipithecus ramidus, which along with low body size dimorphism in Ardipithecus and Australopithecus, suggests a reduction...
(2003), the "pre-human" or "proto-human" genera of Australopithecus, Ardipithecus, Praeanthropus, and possibly Sahelanthropus, may be placed on equal footing...
mandible, which was previously classified within Ardipithecus ramidus (or cf. A. cf. ramidus), "Ardipithecus" praegens or "Praeanthropus" praegens. Several...
5-to-4.5-million-year-old Ardipithecus and later Hominina. The classification of Sahelanthropus in Hominina, as well as Ardipithecus and the 6-million-year-old...
member of the subtribe Australopithecina, which sometimes also includes Ardipithecus, though the term "australopithecine" is sometimes used to refer only...
years ago. Fossils show Ardipithecus to have canine teeth that were reduced, much like later hominids. The jaw of Ardipithecus was very much prognathic...
oldest hominid discovered to date in Ethiopia is the 4.2 million-year-old Ardipithecus ramidus (Ardi) found by Tim D. White in 1994. The most well-known hominid...
Nakalipithecus Orrorin Sahelanthropus Kenyanthropus Ardipithecus A. kadabba A. ramidus Australopithecus A. afarensis A. africanus A. anamensis A. bahrelghazali...
including: the hominids and possible hominins, Ardi, or Ardipithecus ramidus, and Ardipithecus kadabba, see below; the Gawis cranium hominin from Gona;...
music. On December 11, 2015, Willow released her debut studio album, Ardipithecus, through Roc Nation; it peaked on the Heatseekers Albums chart at number...
away from the discovery site of Ardipithecus ramidus, the most modern species of Ardipithecus yet discovered. Ardipithecus was a more primitive hominid,...
archeological digs in Turkey and Ethiopia and was part of a team that excavated Ardipithecus fossils. She provided funding for the National Museum of Ethiopia and...
Sahelanthropus tchadensis (7 Ma) and Orrorin tugenensis (6 Ma), followed by Ardipithecus (5.5–4.4 Ma), with species Ar. kadabba and Ar. ramidus. It has been argued...
climate continues from the Miocene. First equines and elephantines. Ardipithecus in Africa. 5.333 * Miocene Messinian Messinian Event with hypersaline...
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