Many local variants of the Greek alphabet were employed in ancient Greece during the archaic and early classical periods, until around 400 BC, when they were replaced by the classical 24-letter alphabet that is the standard today. All forms of the Greek alphabet were originally based on the shared inventory of the 22 symbols of the Phoenician alphabet, with the exception of the letter Samekh, whose Greek counterpart Xi (Ξ) was used only in a sub-group of Greek alphabets, and with the common addition of Upsilon (Υ) for the vowel /u,ū/.[1][2] The local, so-called epichoric, alphabets differed in many ways: in the use of the consonant symbols Χ, Φ and Ψ; in the use of the innovative long vowel letters (Ω and Η), in the absence or presence of Η in its original consonant function (/h/); in the use or non-use of certain archaic letters (Ϝ = /w/, Ϙ = /k/, Ϻ = /s/); and in many details of the individual shapes of each letter. The system now familiar as the standard 24-letter Greek alphabet was originally the regional variant of the Ionian cities in Anatolia. It was officially adopted in Athens in 403 BC and in most of the rest of the Greek world by the middle of the 4th century BC.
^Woodard 2010, pp. 26–46.
^Jeffery 1961, pp. 21ff.
and 26 Related for: Archaic Greek alphabets information
Many local variants of the Greekalphabet were employed in ancient Greece during the archaic and early classical periods, until around 400 BC, when they...
ArchaicGreece was the period in Greek history lasting from c. 800 BC to the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, following the Greek Dark Ages...
local alphabets across the Greek-speaking world to become the standard form of the Greekalphabet. When the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, they...
the Aramaic and Samaritan alphabets, several Alphabets of Asia Minor, and the ArchaicGreekalphabets. The Phoenician alphabet proper uses 22 consonant...
of the letter probably stood for a fence or posts. The Greek Eta 'Η' in archaicGreekalphabets, before coming to represent a long vowel, /ɛː/, still represented...
history of the Greekalphabet starts with the adoption of Phoenician letter forms in the 9th–8th centuries BC during early ArchaicGreece and continues...
originally written in a local variant of the Greekalphabet. According to the classification of archaicGreekalphabets, which was introduced by Adolf Kirchhoff...
numeral: ϛ) is an archaic letter of the Greekalphabet. It originally stood for the sound /w/ but it has remained in use principally as a Greek numeral for...
lowercase θ or ϑ; Ancient Greek: θῆτα thē̂ta [tʰɛ̂ːta]; Modern: θήτα thī́ta [ˈθita]) is the eighth letter of the Greekalphabet, derived from the Phoenician...
of the Greekalphabet, but their sound values are generally unrelated to the values of the Greek letters. This is unusual among the alphabets of Asia...
Romanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greekalphabet into the Latin alphabet. The conventions...
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alphabet used by the Euboean Greeks in their first colonies in Italy, the island of Pithekoussai and the city of Cumae in Campania. In the alphabets of...
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lowercase γ; Greek: γάμμα gámma) is the third letter of the Greekalphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 3. In Ancient Greek, the letter...
ϐ; Ancient Greek: βῆτα, romanized: bē̂ta or Greek: βήτα, romanized: víta) is the second letter of the Greekalphabet. In the system of Greek numerals,...
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and other Old Italic alphabets, which were based on the Euboean form of the Greekalphabet. This also gave rise to the Latin alphabet with its letter H....
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common to the various alphabets descended from the classical Latin alphabet, such as the English alphabet. These Latin-script alphabets may discard letters...
derived from one of these alphabets by the 2nd century AD. The Old Italic alphabets ultimately derive from the Phoenician alphabet, but the general consensus...
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