positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
negative regulation of endothelial cell migration
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of blood coagulation
negative regulation of angiogenesis
triglyceride transport
plasminogen activation
regulation of blood coagulation
negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process
regulation of fibrinolysis
triglyceride metabolic process
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
platelet degranulation
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
350
11818
Ensembl
ENSG00000091583
ENSMUSG00000000049
UniProt
P02749
Q01339
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_000042
NM_013475
RefSeq (protein)
NP_000033
NP_038503
Location (UCSC)
Chr 17: 66.21 – 66.26 Mb
Chr 11: 108.23 – 108.31 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
β2-glycoprotein 1, also known as beta-2 glycoprotein 1 and Apolipoprotein H (Apo-H), is a 38 kDa multifunctional plasma protein that in humans is encoded by the APOH gene.[5] One of its functions is to bind cardiolipin. When bound, the structure of cardiolipin and β2-GP1 both undergo large changes in structure.[6] Within the structure of Apo-H is a stretch of positively charged amino acids (protein sequence positions 282-287), Lys-Asn-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys, are involved in phospholipid binding (see image on right).[7]
β2-GP1 has a complex involvement in agglutination. It appears to alter adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-mediated agglutination of platelets.[8] Normally, β2-GP1 assumes an anticoagulation activity in serum (by inhibiting coagulation factors); however, changes in blood factors can result in a reversal of that activity.
Although previously referred to as apolipoprotein H, it is not present in appreciable quantities in the lipoprotein fractions, so ApoH is therefore thought to be a misnomer.[9]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000091583 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000049 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"APOH - Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - APOH gene & protein". UniProt. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
^Borchman D, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS, Lamba OP (1995). "Interactions and molecular structure of cardiolipin and beta 2-glycoprotein 1 (beta 2-GP1)". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 102 (2): 373–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03792.x. PMC 1553418. PMID 7586693.
^Sheng Y, Sali A, Herzog H, Lahnstein J, Krilis SA (1996). "Site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant human beta 2-glycoprotein I identifies a cluster of lysine residues that are critical for phospholipid binding and anti-cardiolipin antibody activity". J. Immunol. 157 (8): 3744–51. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.157.8.3744. PMID 8871678. S2CID 12529388.
^Nimpf J, Wurm H, Kostner GM (1985). "Interaction of beta 2-glycoprotein-I with human blood platelets: influence upon the ADP-induced aggregation". Thromb. Haemost. 54 (2): 397–401. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1657748. PMID 4082080. S2CID 23669362.
^Ağar C, de Groot PG, Levels JH, Marquart JA, Meijers JC (January 2009). "Beta2-glycoprotein I is incorrectly named apolipoprotein H". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 7 (1): 235–6. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03223.x. PMID 19017258. S2CID 43329586.
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Global Information
