Tooth paratype of Cadurcotherium nouleti – MHNTZaisanamynodon protheroi
Amynodontidae ("defensive tooth")[4][5] is a family of extinct perissodactyls related to true rhinoceroses. They are commonly portrayed as semiaquatic hippo-like rhinos[6][7] but this description only fits members of the Metamynodontini; other groups of amynodonts like the cadurcodontines had more typical ungulate proportions and convergently evolved a tapir-like proboscis.
The Greek name of the family describes their tusks, derived from enlarged canine teeth. Odd-toed ungulates are herbivores, so these tusks would have been used either to deter or defend against predators (as suggested by the name) or perhaps in fights among males.[8]
Their fossils have been found in North America, and Eurasia ranging in age from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene, with a single genus (Cadurcotherium) surviving into the Late Oligocene in South Asia (Pakistan).[9] The genus Metamynodon may have survived into the early Miocene.[citation needed]
^Scott, W. B.; Osborn, Henry F. (1883). "On the Skull of the Eocene Rhinoceros, Orthocynodon, and the Relation of this Genus to other Members of the Group". Contributions from the E. M. Museum of Geology and Archæology of Princeton College. 3: 1–22. hdl:2027/mdp.39015057223565.
^McKenna, M. C.; S. K. Bell (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11012-X.
^Marsh, O. C. (1877). "Notice of some new Vertebrate Fossils". The American Journal of Science and Arts. Ser. 3. 14 (81): 251–252.
^"Glossary | Perissodactyl". research.amnh.org. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
^Savage, RJG; Long, MR (1986). Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide. New York: Facts on File. pp. 194. ISBN 0-8160-1194-X.
^Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 264. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
^"Horns, Tusks, and Flippers: The Evolution of Hoofed Mammals" (PDF). rhinoresourcecenter.com. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
^Wall, William P. (1989). "The phylogenetic history and adaptive radiation of the Amynodontidae". In Prothero, Donald R.; Schoch, Robert M. (eds.). The Evolution of perissodactyls. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195060393.
Amynodontidae ("defensive tooth") is a family of extinct perissodactyls related to true rhinoceroses. They are commonly portrayed as semiaquatic hippo-like...
Rhinocerotoidea, evolved in the late Eocene, namely the Hyracodontidae, Amynodontidae, Paraceratheriidae and Rhinocerotidae. Hyracodontidae, also known as...
Gabunia and Dashzeveg 1988, a genus of prehistoric mammals in the family Amynodontidae This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Armania...
either western Europe or Asia. In southeastern Europe, Eocene finds of Amynodontidae, Hyracodontidae, Brontotheriidae, and Anthracotheriidae have affinities...
56 million years ago in the Paleocene. Four extinct families such as Amynodontidae, Hyracodontidae, Paraceratheriidae and Eggysodontidae, the only extant...
also huge long-necked animals. Only a few had horns on the nose. The Amynodontidae were hippo-like, aquatic animals. Hyracodontidae developed long limbs...
affinities with rhinoceroses. Metamynodon is a member of the extinct family Amynodontidae, sometimes called "swamp rhinos" as they were once all believed to be...
precursors such as Hyrachyus. Rhinocerotoidea contains three families; Amynodontidae, Rhinocerotidae ("true rhinoceroses"), and Hyracodontidae. The diversity...
superfamily Rhinocerotoidea, evolved in the late Eocene: Hyracodontidae, Amynodontidae and Rhinocerotidae, thus creating an explosion of diversity unmatched...
Proboscis in Cadurcodon and a Review of Snout Structure in the Family Amynodontidae (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea)". Journal of Paleontology. 54 (5):...
The Bridger Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the Paleogene...
looked like a flying squirrel, but is not an ancestor of squirrels. Amynodontidae a family of extinct rhinoceroses that are thought to have looked and...
Lophiomerycidae, and Bachitheriidae), rhinocerotoids (Rhinocerotidae, Amynodontidae, and Eggysodontidae), carnivorans (Nimravidae, Ursidae and later Amphicyonidae)...
Genus Pliohippus Genus Scaphohippus Superfamily Rhinocerotoidea Family Amynodontidae (hippo-rhinos) Subfamily Amynodontinae Subfamily Metamynodontinae Genus...
precursors such as Hyrachyus. Rhinocerotoidea contains three families; the Amynodontidae, the Rhinocerotidae ("true rhinoceroses"), and the Hyracodontidae. The...
Rhinocerotoidea) with Comments on the Phylogenetic History of Eocene Amynodontidae". Journal of Paleontology. 60 (4): 911–919. doi:10.1017/S0022336000043079...
precursors such as Hyrachyus. Rhinocerotoidea contains three families; the Amynodontidae, the Rhinocerotidae ("true rhinoceroses"), and the Hyracodontidae. The...
Becker, D. (2023). "Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea)". Comptes Rendus...
the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea, along with the Hyracodontidae and Amynodontidae. The family also contains all 5 extant rhinoceros species. 5 species...
Thenius Malez describes a new species, from the Perissodactyla Order, Amynodontidae Family: Cadurcotherium rakoveci, whose fragments were found in Ugljevik...
Li-Ping Ren (2020). "A new species of Amynodontopsis (Perissodactyla: Amynodontidae) from the Middle Eocene of Jiyuan, Henan, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica...
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