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Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is a glassy solid that is formed from the chemical decomposition of a mixture of dissolved phosphate and calcium salts (e.g. (NH4)2HPO4 + Ca(NO3)2). The resulting amorphous mixture consists mostly of calcium and phosphate, but also contains varying amounts of water and hydrogen and hydroxide ions, depending on the synthesis conditions.[1] Such mixtures are also known as calcium phosphate cement.[2]
ACP is generally categorized into either "amorphous tricalcium phosphate" (ATCP) or calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). CDHA is sometimes termed "apatitic calcium triphosphate."[1][3][4] The composition of amorphous calcium phosphate is CaxHy(PO4)z·nH2O, where n is between 3 and 4.5. CDHA has a general formula of Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH).[4] Precipitation from a moderately supersaturated and basic solution of a magnesium salt produces amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate (AMCP), in which magnesium incorporated into the ACP structure.[5]
A commercial preparation of ACP is casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), derived from cow milk. It is sold under various brand names including Recaldent and Tooth Mousse, intended to be applied directly to teeth. Its clinical usefulness is unproven.[6]
^ abDestainville, A.; Champion, E.; Bernache-Assollant, D.; Laborde, E. (April 2003). "Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of apatitic tricalcium phosphate". Materials Chemistry and Physics. 80 (1): 269–277. doi:10.1016/S0254-0584(02)00466-2.
^Al-Sanabani, JS; Madfa, AA; Al-Sanabani, FA (2013). "Application of calcium phosphate materials in dentistry". International Journal of Biomaterials. 2013: 876132. doi:10.1155/2013/876132. PMC 3710628. PMID 23878541.
^Rey, C.; Combes, C.; Drouet, C.; Grossin, D. (2011). "Bioactive Ceramics: Physical Chemistry". Comprehensive Biomaterials. pp. 187–221. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-055294-1.00178-1. ISBN 978-0-08-055294-1.
^Babaie, Elham; Zhou, Huan; Lin, Boren; Bhaduri, Sarit B. (August 2015). "Influence of ethanol content in the precipitation medium on the composition, structure and reactivity of magnesium–calcium phosphate". Materials Science and Engineering: C. 53: 204–211. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.011. PMID 26042708.
^Hani, Thikrayat Bani; O'Connell, Anne C.; Duane, Brett (24 June 2016). "Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate products in caries prevention". Evidence-Based Dentistry. 17 (2): 46–47. doi:10.1038/sj.ebd.6401168. PMID 27339237.
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Amorphouscalciumphosphate (ACP) is a glassy solid that is formed from the chemical decomposition of a mixture of dissolved phosphate and calcium salts...
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Tricalcium phosphate (sometimes abbreviated TCP), more commonly known as Calciumphosphate, is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula...
compounds are used in tooth remineralization products to stabilize amorphouscalciumphosphate (ACP) and release the ACP onto tooth surfaces, where it can facilitate...
(such as in varnish) or other mineralizing products such as Amorphouscalciumphosphate to the community in the form of topical procedures, either done...
Amorphouscalcium carbonate (ACC) is the amorphous and least stable polymorph of calcium carbonate. ACC is extremely unstable under normal conditions and...
(3 July 2012). "Mechanistic Insights into the Crystallization of AmorphousCalcium Carbonate (ACC)". Crystal Growth & Design. 12 (7): 3806–3814. doi:10...
stones are predominantly composed of calcium oxalate; struvite and calciumphosphate stones are less common. Calcium oxalate stones in children are associated...
can help recalcification of tooth enamel as well as the use of amorphouscalciumphosphate. Micro-invasive interventions (such as dental sealant or resin...
natural repair process for non-cavitated tooth lesions, in which calcium, phosphate and sometimes fluoride ions are deposited into crystal voids in demineralised...
with calcium chloride:[citation needed] CaCl2 + H4P2O7(aq) → Ca2P2O7·2 H2O + HCl. The anhydrous forms can be prepared by heating dicalcium phosphate:[citation...
Octacalcium phosphate (sometimes referred to as OCP) is a form of calciumphosphate with formula Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O. OCP may be a precursor to tooth enamel...
piece of floss at each flossing session. The effectiveness of amorphouscalciumphosphate products, such as Tooth Mousse, is in debate. Visits to a dentist...
considered protein-based carriers for calciumphosphate. The calciumphosphate in the casein micelles is in an amorphous form and solubilizes when the pH is...
mineralized skeletons for the past 550 million years. Calcium carbonates and calciumphosphates are usually crystalline, but silica organisms (sponges...
on the skin. The ectopic calcified mass usually consists of amorphouscalciumphosphate and hydroxyapatite. Dystrophic calcification is linked to a number...
study investigating the in situ effect of casein phosphopeptide–amorphouscalciumphosphate (CPP–ACP) found that its incorporation into a sugar-free gum...
Hypomineralization (MIH): A Combined Use of Casein Phosphopeptide-AmorphousCalciumPhosphate and Hydrogen Peroxide—A Case Report". Case Reports in Dentistry...
inorganic materials (mainly hydroxylapatite and some non-crystalline amorphouscalciumphosphate), 20% organic materials (90% of which is collagen type 1 and...
carotis reduced or absent. Eggs covered with a chalky layer of amorphouscalciumphosphate." Švec, P. 1982. Two new species of diving birds from the lower...
include fluoridated sugar, polyphenols, and casein phosphopeptide–amorphouscalciumphosphate nanocomplexes. A 2007 Australian review concluded that water...
is a salt or ester of polymeric oxyanions formed from tetrahedral PO4 (phosphate) structural units linked together by sharing oxygen atoms. Polyphosphates...
The main component of bone is hydroxyapatite as well as amorphous forms of calciumphosphate, possibly including carbonate. Hydroxyapatite is the main...
and calcium ions. Precipitation in which an amorphouscalciumphosphate layer is deposited on the gel. Mineralization in which the calciumphosphate layer...
Vascular calcification is the deposition of mineral in the form of calciumphosphate salts in the smooth muscle-rich medial layer of large arteries including...
Struvite crystals in a human urine sample with a pH of 9. Abundant amorphousphosphate crystals, several squamous and non-squamous epithelial cells and...
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