This article is about the calcification of body tissue. For calcification of water pipes, see Hard water.
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Density-Dependent Colour Scanning Electron Micrograph SEM (DDC-SEM) of cardiovascular calcification, showing in orange calcium phosphate spherical particles (denser material) and, in green, the extracellular matrix (less dense material).[1]
Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone, but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue,[1][2] causing it to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification.[3] Calcification may also refer to the processes of normal mineral deposition in biological systems, such as the formation of stromatolites or mollusc shells (see Biomineralization).
^ abBertazzo, Sergio; Gentleman, Eileen; Cloyd, Kristy L.; Chester, Adrian H.; Yacoub, Magdi H.; Stevens, Molly M. (2013). "Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification". Nature Materials. 12 (6): 576–583. Bibcode:2013NatMa..12..576B. doi:10.1038/nmat3627. ISSN 1476-1122. PMC 5833942. PMID 23603848.
^Miller, J. D. Cardiovascular calcification: Orbicular origins. Nature Materials12, 476-478 (2013).
^Calcification The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. Calcification may also refer...
Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas...
Popcorn calcification or popcorn appearance is the radiological appearance of calcification with irregular rings and arcs, which resembles popcorns. The...
calcification is often found in many tissues throughout a person or animal, whereas dystrophic calcification is localized. Metastatic calcification can...
calcified gland is often seen in skull X-rays. Calcification rates vary widely by country and correlate with an increase in age, with calcification occurring...
lungs, eyes, arteries, or other organs is known as ectopic calcification, dystrophic calcification, or ectopic ossification. Absorption of calcium salts normally...
Calcific bursitis refers to calcium deposits within the bursae. This most occurs in the shoulder area. The most common bursa for calcific bursitis to...
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) and Fahr's disease, is a rare, genetically...
failure. The most common type of calcinosis is dystrophic calcification. This type of calcification can occur as a response to any soft tissue damage, including...
has failed to reduce symptoms. Surgery is arthroscopic and involves calcification removal with or without acromioplasty of the shoulder. Additionally...
Arterial calcification due to CD73 deficiency or Calcification of joints and arteries is a rare genetic disorder affecting adults. This condition is characterised...
Marine biogenic calcification is the production of calcium carbonate by organisms in the global ocean. Marine biogenic calcification is the biologically...
scans. However, mitral annular calcification remains clinically significant because while in many cases the calcification is limited to the annulus and...
distinguished three subgroups: Lithokelyphos ("Stone Sheath"), where calcification occurs on the placental membrane and not the fetus; Lithotecnon ("Stone...
findings: systemic medial calcification of the arteries, i.e. calcification of tunica media. Unlike other forms of vascular calcifications (e.g., intimal, medial...
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is an extremely rare genetic disorder. It is caused by mutations in the ENPP1 gene in 75% of the...
valve, and this calcification causes hardening and stenosis of the valve. Another major cause of aortic stenosis is the calcification of a congenital...
phlebolites, ectopic bone or cartilage, lymph nodes, granulomatous lesions or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament in the context of Eagle syndrome (elongated...
smooth muscle proliferation by releasing nitric oxide.[citation needed] Calcification forms among vascular smooth muscle cells of the surrounding muscular...
contribute ~1–10% to inorganic carbon fixation (calcification) to total carbon fixation (calcification plus photosynthesis) in the surface ocean and ~50%...
models for calcification may refer to systems that have been developed in order to reproduce, in the best possible way, the calcification process that...
believed to be caused by dystrophic calcification. This process involves subclinical inflammation, rupture, calcification, and cyst wall obliteration. Single...
nuclei, are present within the epithelial lining and may undergo calcification. Most calcifying odontogenic cysts appear asymptomatic. They are normally presented...
Calcified Tissue International is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Springer Science+Business Media and first launched in 1967. From 1967 to...
rupture of tendons and muscles may occur. Valvular heart disease, mainly calcification and regurgitation of the aortic and mitral valves, may occur, and in...
Perforating calcific elastosis is an acquired, localized cutaneous disorder, most frequently found in obese, multiparous, middle-aged women, characterized...
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