Egyptian pharaoh 1186–1155 BCE, New Kingdom, 20th Dynasty
Ramesses III
Ramses III, Rameses III
Relief from the sanctuary of the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak depicting Ramesses III
Pharaoh
Pharaoh
Reign
1186–1155 BC
Predecessor
Setnakhte
Successor
Ramesses IV
Royal titulary
Horus name
Kanakht Aanisut K3-nḫt-ˁ3-nsyt Strong bull, whose royalty is great
Nebty name
Werhabused mi Tatenen Wr-ḥˁb.w-sd-mj-T3-ṯnn Great of Hebsed like Ptah-Tatenen
Golden Horus
Userrenput mi Atum Wsr-rnp.wt-mj-Jtm The golden falcon, rich in years like Atum
Prenomen (Praenomen)
Usermaatre Meriamun Wsr-m3ˁt-Rˁ-mrj-Jmn Strong is the Maat of Ra, beloved of Amun
Nomen
Ramesisu Heqaiunu Rˁ msj sw ḥq3 Jwnw Ra has fashioned him, ruler of Heliopolis
Consort
Tyti, Isis Ta-Hemdjert, Tiye
Children
By Tyti:
Amenherkhepeshef
Ramesses IV
Meryamun
By Isis Ta-Hemdjert:
Pareherwenemef
Ramesses VI
Montuherkhopshef
By Tiye:
Khaemwaset
Pentawere
Meryatum
Ramesses VIII
Duatentopet (only daughter)
Father
Setnakhte
Mother
Tiy-Merenese
Born
1217 BC
Died
1155 BC (aged 61-62)
Burial
KV11; Mummy found in the Deir el-Bahri royal cache (Theban Necropolis)
Monuments
Medinet Habu
Dynasty
20th Dynasty
Usermaatre Meryamun Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt. Some scholars date his reign from 26 March 1186 to 15 April 1155 BC, and he is considered to be the last great king of the New Kingdom.
His long reign saw the decline of Egyptian political and economic power, linked to a series of invasions and internal economic problems that also plagued pharaohs before him. This coincided with a decline in the cultural sphere of Ancient Egypt.[1]
However, his successful defense was able to slow down the decline, although it still meant that his successors would have a weaker military. He has also been described as a "warrior Pharaoh" due to his strong military strategies. He led the way by defeating the invaders known as "the Sea Peoples", who had caused destruction in other civilizations and empires. He was able to save Egypt from collapsing at the time when many other empires fell during the Late Bronze Age; however, the damage of the invasions took a toll on Egypt.[2]
Rameses III constructed one of the largest mortuary temples of western Thebes, now called Medinet Habu.[3] He was assassinated in the Harem conspiracy led by his secondary wife Tiye and her eldest son Pentawere. This would ultimately cause a succession crisis which would further accelerate the decline of Ancient Egypt. He was succeeded by his son and designated successor Ramesses IV, although many of his other sons would rule later.
^Robins, Gay. The Art of Ancient Egypt.
^Cifola, Barbara (1988). "Ramses III and the Sea Peoples: A Structural Analysis of the Medinet Habu Inscriptions". Orientalia. 57 (3): 275–306. JSTOR 43077586.
^Van de Mieroop, Marc (2021). A history of ancient Egypt (Second ed.). Chichester, West Sussex. p. 237. ISBN 978-1119620877.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
later reigns of Ramesses VI-VII, whereas the prices for fowl and slaves remained constant. Thus the cooldown affected RamessesIII's final years and impaired...
accords prince Ramesses all three of his aforementioned sets of royal titles. Despite the 31-year reign of his father RamessesIII, Ramesses IV was only...
Is The Soul of Re, Chosen of Re." Ramesses IX is believed to be the son of Mentuherkhepeshef, a son of RamessesIII, since Mentuherkhopshef's wife, the...
Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta, he designated it as Egypt's new capital and used it as the main staging point for his campaigns in Syria. Ramesses led...
dynasty, in particular his son Seti I, and grandson Ramesses II. Originally called Pa-ra-mes-su, Ramesses I was of non-royal birth, being born into a noble...
repulsed and defeated by Ramesses, who captured some of the pirates. The event is recorded on Tanis Stele II. An inscription by Ramesses II on the stela from...
heirs of RamessesIII. For instance, three different sons of RamessesIII are known to have assumed power as Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI and Ramesses VIII respectively...
Usermaatre Akhenamun Ramesses VIII (also written Ramses and Rameses) or Ramesses Sethherkhepshef Meryamun ('Set is his Strength, beloved of Amun') (reigned...
scholar, Ad Thijs, has suggested that Ramesses XI could even have reigned as long as 33 years. It is believed that Ramesses ruled into his Year 29 since a graffito...
eleven pharaohs who took the name Ramesses, after Ramesses I, the founder of the Nineteenth Dynasty, and his grandson Ramesses II, its longest-reigning monarch...
Ramesses IX while his father and predecessor in this post—a certain Ankherkhau—served in office from the second decade of the reign of RamessesIII through...
Egypt from the hands of foreign powers.[citation needed] After Ramesses II or Ramesses The Great outlived twelve of his sons, Egypt was put in the hands...
father of Ramesses II, was massacring Libyans. According to this archaeologist, it is a representation of an elder brother whom Ramesses had kidnapped...
The Temple of RamessesIII at Medinet Habu was an important New Kingdom period temple structure in the West Bank of Luxor in Egypt. Aside from its size...
Demarée to refer to the reigns of Ramesses X and his successor Ramesses XI. If confirmed, this would mean that Ramesses X ruled for 3 years and 10 months...
burials (both here and in the Valley of the Queens), with Ramesses II and later RamessesIII each constructing a massive tomb used for the burial of their...
the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt and the father of RamessesIII. Setnakhte was not the son, brother or a direct descendant of either...
provincial stages, with celebrations in the local temples. Thus Ramesses II or RamessesIII are present at Gebel Silsileh to attend the appearance of the...
of Ramesses II Prince Ramesses-Meryamun-Nebweben, a son of Ramesses II RamessesIII, adversary of the Sea Peoples Ramesses IV Ramesses V Ramesses VI Ramesses...
scenario. Her immediate 20th dynasty successor Setnakhte and his son RamessesIII described the late 19th dynasty as a time of chaos and Setnakhte usurped...
chronicle of Ramesses' reign written no later than 1149 BC, also records this Egyptian defeat of the Philistines. Despite RamessesIII's claim, archaeology...
generally agreed that Ugarit had already been destroyed by the 8th year of RamessesIII, 1178. Letters on clay tablets that were baked in the conflagration caused...
two mummies of two 20th dynasty individuals, RamessesIII and "Unknown Man E" believed to be RamessesIII's son Pentawer, were analyzed by Albert Zink,...
leaders Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II and Ramesses IX, as well as the 21st Dynasty pharaohs Pinedjem I,...
selected then civilian military officer, Ramesses I, as heir to the throne, who already had a grandson, Ramesses II, who would then go on to found the Ramesside...
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