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Altai Uriankhai
ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ
Location of the Altai Uriankhai
Regions with significant populations
Mongolia
26,654[1]
Languages
Oirat, Mongolian
Religion
Tibetan Buddhism, Mongolian shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Mongols, especially Oirats
The Altai Uriankhai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Алтайн Урианхай, Altain Urianhai / Altai-yn Urianhai; simplified Chinese: 阿尔泰乌梁海; traditional Chinese: 阿爾泰烏梁海; pinyin: Ā'ěrtài Wūliánghǎi) refers to a Mongol tribe around the Altai Mountains that was organized by the Qing dynasty. They now form a subgroup in western Mongolia and eastern Xinjiang.
Map of the Jütgelt Gün's hoshuu (banner) of the Altai Urianhai in western Mongolia.
The Uriankhai or Uriyangkhai people first appeared in the 7th century as one of the people in Mongolia (Legend of the Erkune kun). The Mongolian term Uriankhai (Uriyangkhai) had been applied to all Samoyed, Turkic, or Mongol people to the north-west of Mongolia in the 17th century. The Uriyangkhai, in this sense, were first subjugated by the Khotgoid Khalkha and then by the Dzungars.
In the mid 14th century, they lived in the Liaoyang province of modern China. After the rebellion of the northern Uriankhai people, they were conquered by Dayan Khan in 1538 and mostly annexed by the northern Khalkha.
The second group of the Uriankhai people (Uriankhai of the Khentii Mountains) lived in central Mongolia, and they started moving to the Altai Mountains in the beginning of the 16th century.[2] Some groups migrated to Khövsgöl Province during the course of the Northern Yuan dynasty (1368-1691).[3]
With the fall of the Dzungar Khanate, the Qing dynasty, in 1757, organized the far northern frontier into a series of Uriankhai banners: the Khövsgöl Nuur Uriankhai, Tannu Uriankhai, Kemchik, Salchak, Toju, and Altan-nuur Uriankhai.
In the Altai Range, 7 Altai Uriankhai banners were established into two wings attached to Qing ambans. Their territory included eastern Khovd Province and Khövsgöl Province. Most were Oirat Mongolian speakers with Oirat, Buriat, or Mongolian clan names, but some were Tuvan speakers.
In the aftermath of the Dungan Revolt (1864–77), the Kazakhs migrated into the territory of the Altai Uriankhai. In 1906, the Qing court transferred the Altai Uriankhai banner from Khovd's jurisdiction to the new Altai region, with its capital in Chenghua (present-day Altay City). In 1913, the district was divided between the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia and the Chinese province of Xinjiang, leaving some Uriankhais in far northwestern Xinjiang. The Altai Uriankhai in Mongolia were attached to the Dörbet. However, the Altai Uriankhai and the Kazakhs formed the Bayan-Ölgii Province in 1940. Notable Altai Uriankhai people include Damchaa B, the movie actor and the specialist in Esperanto of Mongolia.
^National Census 2010 Archived 2011-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
^A.Ochir, Ts.Baasandorj "Custom of the Oirat wedding". 2005
^Crossley, Pamela Kyle (December 1985). "An Introduction to the Qing Foundation Myth". Late Imperial China. 6 (2): 13–24. doi:10.1353/late.1985.0016. S2CID 143797249.
the Mongolian-speaking AltaiUriankhai. The Uriankhai included the western forest Uriankhai tribe and the Transbaikal Uriankhai tribe, with the former...
period with the supervision of two Altan Nuur Uriankhai Governor Banners and part of the seven AltaiUriankhai banners. During the Qing administration, the...
Khutugtu's Shabinar 3 sums (哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖所屬沙比納爾三佐領) Tannu Uriankhai, as well as Altai and Altainor Uriankhai, occupied a unique position in the Qing dynasty's...
Siberian Turkic language. In Mongolia they are regarded as one of the Uriankhai people groups. Tuvans have historically been livestock-herding nomads...
the north and maybe had the ethnic links with Tannu Uriankhai and AltaiUriankhai. The Doyan Uriankhai were conquered and absorbed by the Chakhar and the...
old, was a 30- to 40-year-old man with blond hair; it was found in the Altai, Mongolia. As equine nomadism was introduced into Mongolia, the political...
Tannu Uriankhai 5 banners and 46 or 47 somons (Governor general of Uliastai) Myanghad Banner, Zakhchin Banner and Ööld Banner (Khovd) AltaiUriankhai and...
on 2021-07-15. In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai National Census 2010 Preliminary results Archived September 15, 2011,...
Kalmyks or Kalmyks, and the Kalmyks are a subgroup of the Oirats. AltaiUriankhai Baatud Bayads Chantuu Choros Dorbet Khoshut Khoid Khotons Kalmyks Myangad...
and kurai (Bashkir). In western Mongolia it is mainly used by the AltaiUriankhai people, although other ethnic groups like the Kazakhs and the Tuvans...
Tannu Uriankhai prior to the mid-18th century. Moreover, these sources often do not distinguish between the Tannu Uriankhai, the AltaiUriankhai, and the...
Mongolic-speaking AltaiUriankhai. The ethnonym Uriankhai is etymologically Mongolic, compare Khalkha uria(n) "war motto" and khai, alternation of khan. Uriankhai people...
its eastern border reached the Mongolian Tamir River. The Altai Mountains and southern Altai Republic were part of the Naiman Khanate. They had diplomatic...
combined Khalkha and Oirat regions, as well as the directly-ruled Tannu Uriankhai. Much of the region was subsequently claimed by the Republic of China...
China, their geographic extents from China to Karakalpakia, and also the Altai-speaking populations associated with them, could also indicate involvement...
power in what became known as the Junggar Basin in Dzungaria between the Altai Mountains and the Ili Valley. Initially, the confederation consisted of...
its eastern border reached the Mongolian Tamir River. The Altai Mountains and southern Altai Republic were part of the Naiman Khanate. They had diplomatic...
some West Eurasian maternal lineages had made it to Mongolia east of the Altai mountains prior to the Bronze Age. During the medieval period, a continuous...
five dominant Mongol or Turkic tribal confederations (khanates) in the Altai-Sayan region during the 12th century. They had converted to the Church of...
Global Information
Mongolia