"Boar" redirects here. For other uses, see Boar (disambiguation) and Wild boar (disambiguation).
For pigs descended from escaped, domesticated animals, see Feral pig.
Wild boar
Temporal range: Early Pleistocene–Holocene
Male Central European boar (S. s. scrofa)
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Artiodactyla
Family:
Suidae
Genus:
Sus
Species:
S. scrofa
Binomial name
Sus scrofa
Linnaeus, 1758
Reconstructed native range of wild boar (green) and introduced populations (blue) except in the Caribbean, New Zealand, sub-Saharan Africa, and elsewhere in Bermuda, Northern Canada and Alaska.[1]
Synonyms
List
andamanensisBlyth, 1858[2]
aruensisRosenberg, 1878[2]
babiMiller, 1906[2]
ceramensisRosenberg, 1878[2]
enganus>Lyon, 1916[2]
floresianusJentink, 1905[2]
goramensisDe Beaux, 1924[2]
natunensisMiller, 1901[2]
nicobaricusMiller, 1902[2]
nigerFinsch, 1886[2]
papuensisLesson and Garnot, 1826[2]
scrophaGray, 1827[2][3]
ternatensisRolleston, 1877[2]
tuancusLyon, 1916[2]
The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine,[4]common wild pig,[5]Eurasian wild pig,[6] or simply wild pig,[7] is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is now one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world, as well as the most widespread suiform.[5] It has been assessed as least concern on the IUCN Red List due to its wide range, high numbers, and adaptability to a diversity of habitats.[1] It has become an invasive species in part of its introduced range. Wild boars probably originated in Southeast Asia during the Early Pleistocene[8] and outcompeted other suid species as they spread throughout the Old World.[9]
As of 2005[update], up to 16 subspecies are recognized, which are divided into four regional groupings based on skull height and lacrimal bone length.[2] The species lives in matriarchal societies consisting of interrelated females and their young (both male and female). Fully grown males are usually solitary outside the breeding season.[10] The wolf is the wild boar's main predator in most of its natural range except in the Far East and the Lesser Sunda Islands, where it is replaced by the tiger and Komodo dragon respectively.[11][12] The wild boar has a long history of association with humans, having been the ancestor of most domestic pig breeds and a big-game animal for millennia. Boars have also re-hybridized in recent decades with feral pigs; these boar–pig hybrids have become a serious pest wild animal in the Americas and Australia.
^ abcKeuling, O.; Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41775A44141833.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^ abcdefghijklmnoGrubb, P. (2005). "Species Sus scrofa". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 637–722. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^Gray, J.E. (1827). "The Sanglier, or Wild Hog (Sus crofa) Buff. V. xiv. and xvii". In Cuvier, G.; Griffith, E.; Smith, C.H.; Pidgeon, E.; Gray, J.E.; Latreille, P.A.; Gray, G.R. (eds.). The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with Its Organization: Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia, as arranged ... by Cuvier and other naturalists [by J. E. Gray; the Ruminantia, by C. H. Smith] 1827. Vol. 3. Mammalia. G. B. Whittaker. pp. 287–288.
^Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988). Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union]. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 19–82.
^ abOliver, W. L. R.; et al. (1993). "The Common Wild Pig (Sus scrofa)". In Oliver, W. L. R. (ed.). Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos – 1993 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN SSC Pigs and Peccaries Specialist Group. pp. 112–121. ISBN 2-8317-0141-4.
^"Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758". mammaldiversity.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
^"Boar – mammal". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference chen2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference kurten1968 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference marsan75 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Baskin, L.; Danell, K. (2003). Ecology of Ungulates: A Handbook of Species in North, Central, and South America, Eastern Europe and Northern and Central Asia. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 15–38. ISBN 3-540-43804-1.
^Affenberg, W. (1981). The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor. University Press of Florida. p. 248. ISBN 0-8130-0621-X.
The wildboar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and...
which has gone feral, meaning it lives in the wild. The term feral pig has also been applied to wildboars, which can interbreed with domestic pigs. They...
Boar hunting is the practice of hunting wildboar, feral pigs, warthogs, and peccaries. Boar hunting was historically a dangerous exercise due to the tusked...
Britain or the United Kingdom have borne the name WildBoar or HMS WildBoar, for the wildboar: WildBoar was a flyboat of six guns and 172 tons (bm) that...
The Indian boar (Sus scrofa cristatus), also known as the Moupin pig, is a subspecies of wildboar native to India, Nepal, Myanmar, western Thailand,...
The WildBoar of Westmorland is a legend concerning Richard de Gilpin and the villagers and pilgrims visiting the ruins of the Holy Cross at Plumgarths...
(ニホンイノシシ), or yama kujira (山鯨, lit. "mountain whale"), is a subspecies of wildboar native to all of Japan, apart for Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Islands. It...
The wildboar and boar's head are common charges in heraldry. The boar was used as an emblem in some instances during antiquity and the Early Middle Ages...
the genus Sus. It is considered a subspecies of Sus scrofa (the wildboar or Eurasian boar) by some authorities, but as a distinct species by others. Pigs...
The Central European boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) is a subspecies of wildboar, currently distributed across almost all of mainland Europe, with the exception...
Water Margin is one of the earliest Chinese novels written in vernacular Mandarin. It is one of the Four Classic Chinese Novels and is attributed to Shi...
Erymanthian boar (Greek: ὁ Ἐρυμάνθιος κάπρος; Latin: aper Erymanthius) was a mythical creature that took the form of a "shaggy and wild" "tameless" "boar" "of...
central Argentina, primarily for hunting large game such as peccaries, wildboar and pumas.: 146 : 340 : 189 : 140 The foundation stock included the now...
WildBoar Fell is a mountain in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, on the eastern edge of Cumbria, England. At 2,323 feet (708 m), it is either the 4th-highest...
of Islamabad are home to a significantly large population of Eurasian wildboars. These pigs can weigh up to 100 kg and have sharp teeth, while the male...
The Barbary wildboar (Sus scrofa algira) is a smaller subspecies of wildboar native to North Africa including Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. It is a prey...
The Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus) is a subspecies of wildboar endemic to Turkey, Levant, Israel and Transcaucasia. It is likely to be one of the...
cults appears to have appeared: the cult of the bear, the wolf, and the wildboar. The bas-relief carvings on Trajan's column in Rome (completed 113 AD)...
which descends from hunting dogs of the Middle Ages used to hunt bears, wildboar, and deer. They were also used as guardian dogs of German nobility. It...
tournament, but just before it begins, WildBoar is injured in a freak accident when a passing plane drops a wildboar on him. He quickly recovers, but is...
physically take hold of the boar, typically seizing the base of the boar's ear. Once the catch dogs have physical control of the boar, they will hold it down...
tiger is an apex predator and preys mainly on ungulates such as deer and wildboar, which it takes by ambush. It lives a mostly solitary life and occupies...
ISBN 9780226094366. Schwartz, Charles Walsh; Schwartz, Elizabeth Reeder (2001). The Wild Mammals of Missouri (2nd revised ed.). University of Missouri Press. p. 316...