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Overview of agriculture in Ethiopia
Development of agricultural output of Ethiopia in 2015 US$ since 1961Ploughing with cattle in southwestern Ethiopia. The nation's agricultural production is overwhelmingly of a subsistence nature.
Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment.
Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation[1] caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). As 85% of Ethiopians rely primarily on land (agricultural and pastoralism) for their livelihoods and a quarter of the population lives below the national poverty line, land degradation is a major concern.[2] Yet agriculture is the country's most promising resource. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. As many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually.
Agriculture accounts for 36% percent of the nation's Gross domestic Product (GDP) as of 2020.[3][4][5] Many other economic activities depend on agriculture, including marketing, processing, and export of agricultural products. Production is overwhelmingly of a subsistence nature, and a large part of commodity exports are provided by the small agricultural cash-crop sector. Principal crops include coffee, pulses (e.g., beans), oilseeds, cereals, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. Exports are almost entirely agricultural commodities, and coffee is the largest foreign exchange earner. Ethiopia is also Africa's second biggest maize producer.[6] Ethiopia's livestock population is believed to be the largest in Africa, and in 2006–2007 livestock accounted for 10.6% of Ethiopia's export income, with leather and leather products making up 7.5% and live animals 3.1%.
^"Roles of extension and ethno-religious networks in acceptance of resource-conserving agriculture among Ethiopian farmers: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability: Vol 11 , No 4 - Get Access". Retrieved 16 February 2024.
^"(PDF) Large scale land investments, household displacement and the effect on land degradation in semiarid agro‐pastoral areas of Ethiopia". Retrieved 16 February 2024.
^"Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2010 to 2020". Statista.
^"World Development Indicators". World Bank. December 2021.
^"Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy". The Low Ethiopian Reports.
^Africa's second biggest maize producer, The Economist
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