Menelik II information

Styles of
**Menelik II of Ethiopia**
Styles of; Menelik II of Ethiopia
Reference style	His Imperial Majesty; Amharic: ግርማዊ; girmāwī;
Spoken style	Your Imperial Majesty; Amharic: ጃንሆይ; djānhoi; lit. "O [esteemed] royal";
Alternative style	Our Lord (familiar); Amharic: ጌቶቹ; getochu; lit. "Our master" (pl.);

Names
	Sahle Maryam (baptismal name); Abba Dagnew (horse name);

Menelik II
ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ
Menelik II ; ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ
Negusa Nagast
Emperor of Ethiopia
Reign	10 March 1889 – 12 December 1913
Coronation	3 November 1889
Predecessor	Yohannes IV
Successor	Lij Iyasu (designated but uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia)
Born	17 August 1844; Angolalla, Shewa, Ethiopian Empire
Died	12 December 1913 (aged 69); Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Empire
Burial	Ba'eta Le Mariam Monastery; (now Se'el Bet Kidane Meheret Church); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Spouse	Altash Tewodros (1855–1865); Bafena Wolde Mikael (1865–1882); Taytu Betul (1882–1913)
Issue	Zewditu I; Shoa Ragad; Wossen Seged
Names
Names
	Sahle Maryam (baptismal name); Abba Dagnew (horse name);
Dynasty	House of Solomon (Shewan Branch)
Father	Haile Melekot (King of Shewa)
Mother	Woizero Ejigayehu
Religion	Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo

This article contains Ethiopic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Ethiopic characters.

Menelik II (Ge'ez: ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ dagmawi mənilək^{[nb 1]}; horse name Abba Dagnew (Amharic: አባ ዳኘው abba daññäw); 17 August 1844 – 12 December 1913), baptised as Sahle Maryam (ሣህለ ማርያም sahlä maryam) was king of Shewa from 1866 to 1889 and Emperor of Ethiopia^{[nb 2]} from 1889 to his death in 1913. At the height of his internal power and external prestige, the process of territorial expansion and creation of the modern empire-state was completed by 1898.^[2]

The Ethiopian Empire was transformed under Emperor Menelik: the major signposts of modernisation were put in place, with the assistance of key ministerial advisors. Externally, Menelik led Ethiopian troops against Italian invaders in the First Italo-Ethiopian War; following a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa, recognition of Ethiopia's independence by external powers was expressed in terms of diplomatic representation at his court and delineation of Ethiopia's boundaries with the adjacent kingdoms.^[2] Menelik expanded his realm to the south and east, into Oromo, Kaffa, Sidama, Wolayta and other kingdoms or peoples.^[3]^[4]^: 2

Later in his reign, Menelik established the first Cabinet of Ministers to help in the administration of the Empire, appointing trusted and widely respected nobles and retainers to the first Ministries.^[5] These ministers would remain in place long after his death, serving in their posts through the brief reign of Lij Iyasu (whom they helped depose) and into the reign of Empress Zewditu.

^ Nielsen, Euell A. (6 May 2019). "Emperor Menelik II (Sahle Miriam) (1844-1913) •". Retrieved 27 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b Zewde, Bahru. A history of Ethiopia: 1855–1991. 2nd ed. Eastern African studies. 2001
^ John Young (1998). "Regionalism and Democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 192. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.
^ Cite error: The named reference International_Crisis_Group_2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Tsehai Berhane-Selassie, Ethiopian Warriorhood: Defence, Land and Society, 1800-1941 (Eastern Africa Series)

Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).

[1] Nielsen, Euell A. (6 May 2019). "Emperor Menelik II (Sahle Miriam) (1844-1913) •". Retrieved 27 June 2020.

[Zewde,_Bahru_1991-4] Zewde, Bahru. A history of Ethiopia: 1855–1991. 2nd ed. Eastern African studies. 2001

[John_Young_1998_192-5] John Young (1998). "Regionalism and Democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 192. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.

[International_Crisis_Group_2009-6] Cite error: The named reference International_Crisis_Group_2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] Tsehai Berhane-Selassie, Ethiopian Warriorhood: Defence, Land and Society, 1800-1941 (Eastern Africa Series)

Menelik II information

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Menelik II

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Statue of Menelik II

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Order of Menelik II

Menelik I

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Mausoleum of Menelik II

History of Ethiopia

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Solomonic dynasty

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Menelek

Styles of Menelik II of Ethiopia

Reference style	His Imperial Majesty Amharic: ግርማዊ; girmāwī
Spoken style	Your Imperial Majesty Amharic: ጃንሆይ; djānhoi lit. "O [esteemed] royal"
Alternative style	Our Lord (familiar) Amharic: ጌቶቹ; getochu lit. "Our master" (pl.)