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Chemical compound
Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats.[4] This carcinogenic potency varies across species with some, such as rats and monkeys, seemingly much more susceptible than others.[5][6] Aflatoxin B1 is a common contaminant in a variety of foods including peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains;[7] as well as animal feeds.[8] Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans.[9] In animals, aflatoxin B1 has also been shown to be mutagenic,[10] teratogenic,[11] and to cause immunosuppression.[12] Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among others, have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods.[13] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a division of the United Nations, the worldwide maximum tolerated levels of aflatoxin B1 was reported to be in the range of 1–20 μg/kg (or .001 ppm - 1 part-per-billion) in food, and 5–50 μg/kg (.005 ppm) in dietary cattle feed in 2003.[14]
^"AFLATC : Aflatoxin B1 chloroform solvate". Cambridge Structural Database: Access Structures. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
^van Soest, T. C.; Peerdeman, A. F. (1970). "The crystal structures of aflatoxin B1. I. The structure of the chloroform solvate of aflatoxin B1 and the absolute configuration of aflatoxin B1". Acta Crystallogr. B. 26 (12): 1940–1947. doi:10.1107/S0567740870005228.
^PubChem
^"Summary Table by Chemical of Carcinogenicity Results in CPDB on 1547 Chemicals" (PDF). Toxnet.
^McLean, M (February 1995). "Cellular interactions and metabolism of aflatoxin: an update". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 65 (2): 163–192. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(94)00054-7. PMID 7540767.
^Aflatoxin B1 (CAS 1162-65-8) The Carcinogenic Potency Project.
^Galvano F., Ritieni A., Piva G., Pietri A. Mycotoxins in the human food chain. In: Diaz D.E., editor. The Mycotoxin Blue Book. Nottingham University Press; Nottingham, UK: 2005. pp. 187–224.
^Azab Rania M.; Tawakkol Wael M.; Abdel-Rahman M. Hamad; Abou-Elmagd Mohamed K.; El-Agrab Hassan M.; Refai Mohamed K. (2005). "Detection and estimation of aflatoxin B1 in feeds and its biodegradation by bacteria and fungi". Egyptian Journal of Natural Toxins. 2: 39–56.
^Chen T; Liu J; Li Y; Wei S (2022). "Burden of disease associated with dietary exposure to aflatoxins in China in 2020". Nutrients. 14: 1027.
^Chen, Tao; Heflich, Robert H; Moore, Martha M; Mei, Nan (2009). "Differential mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1in the liver of neonatal and adult mice". Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 51 (2): 156–63. doi:10.1002/em.20518. PMC 6359889. PMID 19642212.
^Geissler, Francis; Faustman, Elaine M (1988). "Developmental toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in the rodent embryo in vitro: Contribution of exogenous biotransformation systems to toxicity". Teratology. 37 (2): 101–11. doi:10.1002/tera.1420370203. PMID 3127910.
^Meissonnier GM, Pinton P, Laffitte J, Cossalter AM, Gong YY, Wild CP, Bertin G, Galtier P, Oswald IP (2008). "Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin B1: Impairment of the cell-mediated response to vaccine antigen and modulation of cytokine expression". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 231 (2): 142–9. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.004. PMID 18501398.
^Wacoo Alex P.; Wendiro Deborah; Vuzi Peter C.; Hawumba Joseph F. (2014). "Methods for Detection of Aflatoxins in Agricultural Food Crops". Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2014: 1–15. doi:10.1155/2014/706291.
^"Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003".
AflatoxinB1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats. This...
Aspergillus flavus produces only B-type aflatoxins. Aflatoxin M1 is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxinB1 and can be found in milk or milk products...
program. The synthesis of racemic aflatoxinB1 has been reported by Buechi et al. in 1967 and that of racemic aflatoxin B2 by Roberts et al. in 1968 The...
December 2019. Tosun, Halil; Arslan, Recep (2013). "Determination of AflatoxinB1 Levels in Organic Spices and Herbs". The Scientific World Journal. 2013:...
reduced the production of aflatoxinB1 in Aspergillus flavus Link., making it a potential natural and 'green' anti-aflatoxinB1 agent suitable for use in...
Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has reported 10 notifications of aflatoxinB1 in maize of European origin since the last maize harvest in autumn 2012...
metabolite structurally closely related to the aflatoxins as it is the penultimate precursor of aflatoxinsB1 and G1. It contains a xanthone nucleus attached...
strains can produce the two most common aflatoxins (B1 and B2). Unique to the S strains is the production of aflatoxin G1 and G2 which typically are not produced...
pose health risks due to contamination with the mycotoxins, aflatoxinB1 and fumonisin B1. Sugarcane juice, known locally as caldo de cana, is commonly...
S2CID 20842446. Dai Y, Huang K, Zhang B, Zhu L, Xu W (November 2017). "AflatoxinB1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview". Food and Chemical Toxicology...
Egner, PA; Trush, MA; Bueding, E; Groopman, JD (1985). "Modification of aflatoxinB1 binding to DNA in vivo in rats fed phenolic antioxidants, ethoxyquin...
in terms of their kinetic properties as well as in the metabolism of aflatoxinB1. CYPs have also been extensively studied in insects, often to understand...
AflatoxinB1 aldehyde reductase member 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR7A2 gene. Aldo-keto reductases, such as AKR7A2, are involved...
Retrieved 23 August 2012. Rushing, Blake R.; Selim, Mustafa I. (2019). "AflatoxinB1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure...
to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B1, B2, G1, and G2. AflatoxinB1, the most toxic, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly...
Meister Pub Co. p. 664. ISBN 978-1892829269. "Safety (MSDS) data for aflatoxinB1". ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-08-11. Voelz GL, Buican...
ISBN 978-1-84826-368-0. Hirano, S; Shima, T; Shimada, T (August 2001). "[Proportion of aflatoxinB1 contaminated kernels and its concentration in imported peanut samples]"...
isolated in Nigeria and has been found to produce aflatoxinB1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aflatrem, aflavarin, aspirochlorin, cyclopiazonic...
C17H12O7 may refer to: AflatoxinB1 exo-8,9-epoxide, a toxic metabolite of aflatoxinB1Aflatoxin M1, a chemical compound of the aflatoxin class This set index...
intermediates. Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxinB1, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The transcript from this gene contains...
causes cancer as a "myth". Several biologic agents are known carcinogens. AflatoxinB1, a toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus which is a common...
described in 2008. It has been reported to produce aflatoxinB1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aflavarins, aflatrems, aflavinins, aspergillic...
Aspergillus parasiticus by interfering with the accumulation of aflatoxin (especially aflatoxinB1), the mycotoxin of greatest concern. R. oligosporus has also...
linked to specific cancers. A high-salt diet is linked to gastric cancer. AflatoxinB1, a frequent food contaminant, causes liver cancer. Betel nut chewing...
described in 1987. It has been reported to produce aflatoxinB1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, kojic acid, nominine, paspaline...
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