For effects associated with father's age, see Paternal age effect.
Advanced maternal age, in a broad sense, is the instance of a woman being of an older age at a stage of reproduction, although there are various definitions of specific age and stage of reproduction.[1]
The variability in definitions is in part explained by the effects of increasing age occurring as a continuum rather than as a threshold effect.[1]
Average age at first childbirth has been increasing, especially in OECD countries, among which the highest average age is 32.6 years (South Korea) followed by 32.1 years (Ireland and Spain).[2]
In a number of European countries (Spain), the mean age of women at first childbirth has crossed the 30 year threshold.[3]
This process is not restricted to Europe. Asia, Japan and the United States are all seeing average age at first birth on the rise, and increasingly the process is spreading to countries in the developing world such as China, Turkey and Iran. In the U.S., the average age of first childbirth was 26.9 in 2018.[4]
Advanced maternal age is associated with adverse reproductive effects including increased risk of infertility,[5] and chromosomal abnormalities in children.[6] The corresponding paternal age effect is less pronounced.[7][8]
^ ab
Fretts, Ruth C. (3 December 2012). "Effect of advanced age on fertility and pregnancy in women". UpToDate. Wilkins-Haug, Louise (Section Editor); Barss, Vanessa A. (Deputy Editor). Archived from the original on 19 June 2016.
^
"¿A qué edad tienen las madres su primer hijo?" [At what age do mothers have their first child?]. El Orden Mundial (elordenmundial.com) (in Spanish). 12 August 2020.
^
Mean age of mothers at first childbirth (PDF). oecd.org (Report). Paris, FR: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. SF2.3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^
Births and natality. cdc.org (Report). U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
^Cite error: The named reference Leridon2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference morris was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^
Tournaye, Herman (June 2009). "Male reproductive ageing". In Bewley, Susan; Ledger, William; Nikolaou, Dimitrios (eds.). Reproductive Ageing. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–104. ISBN 978-1-906985-13-4. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
^
Kidd, Sharon A.; Eskenazi, Brenda; Wyrobek, Andrew J. (February 2001). "Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: A review of the literature". Fertility and Sterility. 75 (2): 237–248. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01679-4. PMID 11172821.
and 26 Related for: Advanced maternal age information
Advancedmaternalage, in a broad sense, is the instance of a woman being of an older age at a stage of reproduction, although there are various definitions...
Rice, Alex; Rice, Alex (September 7, 2017). "Pregnancy After 35: AdvancedMaternalAge". familydoctor.org. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022...
earlier menopause. Paternal age effect Advancedmaternalage Pregnancy over age 50 "Having a Baby After Age 35: How Aging Affects Fertility and Pregnancy"...
with trisomy X have no family histories of chromosome aneuploidy. Advancedmaternalage is mildly associated with trisomy X. Women with trisomy X can have...
karyotype. Nondisjunction is related to advancedmaternalage, although due to its rarity, the maternalage effect in pentasomy X is unclear. More common...
Martikainen P (October 2014). "The association between advancedmaternal and paternal ages and increased adult mortality is explained by early parental...
from 12% to 28%. The main cause of infertility in humans is age, and an advancedmaternalage can raise the probability of suffering a spontaneous abortion...
fertilization resulting in a healthy and successful pregnancy. With advancedmaternalage, the number of egg cell that can be successfully recruited for a...
include a family history of diabetes, advancedmaternalage, and ethnicity. Modifiable risk factors include maternal obesity. There is an elevated demand...
completed. Some risk factors for amniotic fluid embolism include: Advancedmaternalage during birth Prior history of caesarean section A known history...
Nondisjunction is related to advancedmaternalage. In common aneuploidies such as Down syndrome, the relationship with maternalage is extensively studied...
insertion Having an umbilical cord with a single umbilical artery Advancedmaternalage Abdominal ultrasound can be used to visualize the insertion site...
ethical considerations arise with the application of ART to women of advancedmaternalage, who have higher changes of medical complications (including pre-eclampsia)...
around Cumbria. Certain birth complications can occur more often in advancedmaternalage (greater than 35 years). Complications include fetal growth restriction...
several risk factors including parental and genetic factors (ie. advancedmaternalage, chromosomal abnormalities, sperm DNA fragmentation), congenital...
PGP as measured by live birth rate. On the contrary, for women of advancedmaternalage, PGP significantly lowers the live birth rate. Technical drawbacks...
any pregnancy complications is maternalage. Advancedmaternalage, considered to be when a woman enters pregnancy at age 35 or above, has also been linked...
women, of which include pregnancies occurring in women ages 35 and older (advancedmaternalage) or in women who have had a prior Caesarean section, having...
(4 July 2020). "Mechanisms of oocyte aneuploidy associated with advancedmaternalage". Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research. 785 (1): 108320...
Factors that place a woman's pregnancy at higher risk include advancedmaternalage, Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) and induction of labor. Pitocin...
have been identified for craniosynostosis include: Advancedmaternalage White maternal race Maternal smoking Male infant Certain paternal occupations (e...
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